فصلنامه اقتصاد مقداری
سال چهارم شماره 4 (پیاپی 15، زمستان 1386)

Proper estimation of productivity of capital is necessary for promotion of efficiency. In order to estimating this index in large scale industries of Khuzestan during 1971-2004, there is need to estimate the related production function. To this end, Cob-Dauglas, Debertin, Transental and Translog functions with explanatory variable such as capital stock and labour have been estimated. Since data on stock of capital and homogenous labour in large scale industries of Khuzestan were not available, we first generate these data. To generate stock capital data, the exponential method and to homogenate data on labour, the table of base salary of government employees have been applied. The estimation process showed that Translog production function is most proper function. Productivity of capital has been estimated on the bases of this function. The findings of the research indicate that the productivity of capital has been declined due to Iran-Iraq war. After a considerable decline in 1981, despite the continuity of war and its damage to capital stock, productivity of capital gained a relatively high growth rate, and then faced with another decline during 1991-1995. Since then it has a moderate rate of growth.

This paper examined the trade relationship between Iran, and ECO member counntires using a simultaneous equation model. The results indicate that Iranian exports to each of Eco members have no effect on Iranian GDP, except Turkey. The effects of lagged GDP on GDP are positive and significant for all countries under study, which suggests the existence of a strong spread effects from the export sector to the rest of the economy. The study also tested the degree of feedback, which was present in case of Turkey, Turkmanistan, Kazakistan, Uzbakistan and Tajikistan. However, the level of Iranian imports from the countries under the study seems to have a significant effect on the level of the GDP of the countries in question except Pakistan, Uzbakistan, Kyrkysistan and Azerbaijan.

Today the activities based on research and development are the main subject of innovation, in which new demands for such economic activities emerge continuously. Such demands result ultimately in new investment and growth. Like the developed countries, developing countries are encouraged to promote research and development conditions in which they would be able to reduce their technological gaps with respect to those of the developed countries. This paper examines the role of R & D expenditures in Iran's high-tech manufacturing value added using data of R & D expenditures through estimating a panel data regression model during 1987-2006. The empirical results show that the effect of R & D is quite significant on the value added of the manufacturing added.

In this paper we are concerned with different financing methods among listed companies on TSE and studying the most used method and the relation between financing methods and some firm characterestics such as size, fixed assets and profitability. The sample of this study is cellected randomly from six industries. For reviewing the four main questions of this study, eleven haypotheses are proposed. The statistical techniques of t-test and correlation coefficient are used for data processing by SPSS. The findings of this research indicate that there is no significant difference between different financing methods (retained earnings, stocks, debt) which are used by companies under study. We found a relationship between financining methods and size. larger firms in size more often use retained earnings and stocks for financing. Also a relationship was found between financining methods and fixed assets but not such a relationship was revealed between financining methods and profitability.

The stock market is the most important part of the financial market in a country. The main rule of stock market is to attract and lead savings and liquidity to optimum goals. In fact, the basic duty of stock market is optimal allocation of scarce finance resources. In other words, major part of funds should be attracted by the most profitable works and projections in it. The main characteristic of stock market which fulfills that goal is efficiency. Due to the important role that information plays in the efficiency of securities exchange market, the efficiency of the market is investigated in three different forms which are as follows: 1) information about previous price changes 2) the whole sum of general published information and 3) the general published information and private information. According to these three types of information, the efficiency of the market is tested at three levels entitled “Weak”, “Semi-Strong” and “Strong”. This study tested the efficiency using filter rule (an operative approach for testing weak form of efficiency). Furthermore, it investigates price bubble after depression period in Tehran stock market by using CAPM approach. The results of this study demonstrate that Tehran stock market is not efficient in the weak form of efficiency during 1383:1-1386:3 and also the measure of efficiency in years 85 and 86 is less than 83 and 84. However, price bubble vanishes in this market and prices are being close to its intrinsic values.

In this study, we focus on two issues. The first is an empirical examination of the relationship between real health care expenditure and real GDP. The second issue of interest is related to estimating the elasticity parameter of health care expenditure. This paper uses recently developed tests for the existence of a long run relationship to analyse the links between health care expenditure and GDP. Our findings include robust evidence that, for Iran, the income elasticity for health care expenditure is close to one and that the elasticity value is stable over the estimation period.

Political business cycle explains the business cycle base on the mutual voters and government behavior. Base on this theory the economic factors have a main role in analyzing voters behavior patterns and the government try to satisfy the voters and increase its reselection probability by choosing different economic politic. The researchs have been done show that, the voters analyzing of economic variables such as inflation, unemployment, economic growth and etc. have a main role on people decision to reselect or refuse of old party president candidates. The Nordhuse article was a most influence article in this theme that had developed and revised by Fry, Ramzer and Leacher. These researchers try to explain the way by which the government control the inflation and unemployment variables in the path that maximize their reselection probability. In this article base on annual data (1988-2005) we test Nordhuse and Lechear hypotheses subject to inflation and unemployment in Iran economics. the conclusion support the Lechear hypotheses about Iran economics namely the government in two first years chose expansionary monetary policy to decrease the unemployment flow that the inflation ratio raise, then to win and reselect this government in another election, in two later years the government try to decrease the inflation by choosing contracted policy.