فصلنامه مشرق موعود
پیاپی 4 (زمستان 1386)

When the ‘pious soul’ is killed, this will be one of the signs that Imam Mahdi (PBuH) is going to appear. In many traditions we read about the Imam’s Advent at the time when the pure or pious soul is killed. Other names also have been given to such a personality as the “pure self”, “revered soul” or the “holy blood”.We cannot decide or judge about the ‘pious soul’ for sure, but he is certainly a member of the Quraysh household. A number of traditions have quoted the place of this person’s martyrdom to be at Kaaba in the city of Mecca between ‘Rukn’ and ‘Maqam’; and the time of his martyrdom to be near the Advent of the Imam and even fifteen days before the Advent.As for the relation between the mentioned Pious Soul and Muhammad-bin-Abd-Allah- bin- Hassan-bin-Ali-bin-Abi-Talib, who was killed by Mansoor Abbassi at the time of Imam Sadeq (PBuH) being known as the “pious soul”, there are different opinions. The deceased sayyed Muhammad Sadr believed that the pious soul was the same Muhammad-bin-Abd-Alla-bin Hassan, but in accordance with many traditions these two are different persons. So, the ‘pious soul’ will be killed in the future.

Some of the Wahhabi writers and also some of the contemporary enlightened persons with regard to some traditions, which speak about some outward differences between the policy of Imam Mahdi (PBuH) and the policy and manners of the holy Prophet (MGSBH), have misused them and claimed that Imam Mahdi(PBuH) in the belief of the Shiites holds a prophet-like dignity and so, he will perform or practice something the same as what the Prophet of Islam did in the past: He will abolish the old religion of Islam and will replace it with a new Faith in which jurisprudence, morality, laws and regulations will be quite modern. But we explicitly say here that such a thought or opinion is contradictory with our belief that the prophet Muhammad was the Seal of prophethood and we all know that no other religion will come again to be different from Islam.To criticize the above-mentioned claim, we will first mention some of the specifications that many of the Shiite narrators, preachers and fundamentalists have asserted about the End of Prophethood, according to which no one can deny the thought that Muhammad (MGSBH) was the Seal of the prophets and ascribing such double-sided, ambiguous traditions to the Shiites is irrelevant.At the end of this article we will study and analyze some traditions that clearly refuse such a clime that calls to mind associations of thoughtful ideas.

Questions about Haste or Delay in the time of Arrival of Imam Mahdi(PBuH), the exact time of his Advent, and the part men can play to hasten the Advent are some of the subjects we will discuss around the Appearance of the Imam of Time (PBuH). Investigation about the Advent with regard to its importance influencing the perspective the Shiite Society has to the future, its effects and wonderful results in the reformation or improvement of public orientations will be discussed in this research.Analyzing the processes in the course of actions for the phenomenon of Advent and the probability of its hastening, the writer will study the role that people may play for the whole procedure of the Imam’s Arrival.It is worth mentioning that this article will principally do the research on the possibility of changing the time of Advent, that is, hastening the occurrence of Advent in addition to the part people can fulfill, but the necessities for hastening the time of Advent and its factors are the subjects of another investigation.

This article has tried to investigate the supernatural or the divining power or the occult knowledge of the Imams (PBu Them) from the viewpoint of Intellect. By Reason or Intellect in this writing, we mean the philosophical principles and rules existing in Peripatetic Wisdom or the exalted, elated philosophy. Thus, we will first examine the possibility of being informed of Prescience and the endowment of the Divining Power discussed in Peripatetic Wisdom or the elevated philosophy of its believers. Then, we will proceed to verify that this supernatural power always exists in the nature of the pure, immaculate Imams (PBu Them all).Following our discussion, we will come to the result that the Presience with its domain and the theory of Exalted Wisdom have been proved to be in the authority of the Imams (PBu them). At the end, we will deal with two essential points about the divine power and Peripatetic Wisdom of Imam Mahdi, the Imam of Time (PBuH), with regard to his knowledge and awareness of the future, the deeds and behaviors of all God’s servants, and the information about his own Advent Time, all being on the basis of the previous principles and philosophical grounds mentioned in this research.

After Imam Musa Kazem(PBuH) was martyred, a group of people, believing that he had been the same Promised Mahdi(PBuH), started establishing a sect called ‘Waqefiyya’ and then scattered this school of studies and shifted them to other places. On the other hand, the immigration of Imam Reza (PBuH) into Iran resulted in the flourishing of the Scholarly School in the city of Qum, whose instructors were the great students of Imam Reza. All these efforts caused the scientific centrality of the Theological School at Kufa to become weakened.It was many years later that the Theological School of Baghdad was changed to a scientific Shiite Center during the Minor Absence and afterward during the first decades of the Major Absence for the fact that Imam Mahdi’s special deputies attended the School, and so did great theologians of Qum, Kufa and other places. Another reason was the presence of the powerful State of the Buyid dynasty on the scene.In this period, many great scholars arose out of the School of Baghdad, most of whom compiled books about the Imam of Time because of their simultaneity with the Minor Absence and the beginning of the Major Absence of the Imam(PBuH).Now, this article, while introducing the Theological School of Baghdad with its great scholars and theologians, will present the readers a short list of their writings along with necessary explanations in the ground of Mahdism.

The subcontinent of India has had very close relations with the Iranian Plateau since a long time ago. Lots of emigrants have traveled to India to take with them Islamic teachings and knowledge to be propagated. For the same reason, when Shiism spread over the Iranian Plateau to become the official religion of the Safavid Dynasty, at the same time, an inclination toward Shiism grew in the Subcontinent so much that it became the official faith of three dynasties of kings over the vast area of Deccan. Simultaneously, with the prevalence of this religion, a person named Muhammad Junpoori arose to claim hat he was “Mahdi” and then started to propagate and circulate his doctrine as far as he could establish a sect called ‘Mahdawiyya’. This sect, in addition to the claim for Mahdism, was also impressed by Sufism. The members used some manner of sufi characteristic in their teachings. After Sayyed Muhammad, at the period of the government of Isma’il Nezamshahi, some of the followers of this sect, led by Jamal Khan were able to reign over the region and replace the Shiite religion with Mahdawiyya Faith. Nevertheless, after two years, they were defeated and destroyed. And afterward, the twelve-Imam Shiite became the official religion of the Nezamshahi government again.This article will try to investigate how the Mahdawiyya sect came into being and why the grounds were prepared for the claim. This research will also make known to the readers the reasons why the people of Deccan were first inclined toward the faith of Mahdawiyya but then returned to the Shiite religion again for their purposes.

The Middle East region has always played a geopolitic, geostrategic role for the westerners allowing them to try to influence this important area in order to secure their long-term profits. The latest great ideal of the westerners has been to develop and map their Grand Plan for the Islamic World especially for the Middle East, in the center of which Israel is situated. When strengthened and protected perfectly, this small, so-called country may become able to extend its power and domination from the Nile to the Euphrates. However, the Islamic countries have thoughtfully resisted against such an ominous plan with their various active or passive reactions.The present article will try to demonstrate and explain the divergent aspects of the idea referring to the original statement prepared for the Middle East, and on the other hand will proceed to present the readers with the Great Grand Model of Mahdism for the administration of the Middle East Region, which will offer the best convergence to mankind in the political, economic, and cultural fields.

In the Mahdist educational system, there are several general directions and instructional rules to base the people’s training behaviors upon some systematic criteria to make them organized. So, the educational process at that time must be followed according to such guided principles. Now, this article, which has benefited from the Islamic, Quranic rules and directions, will try to explain those principles in detail.The real basis of the Islamic instructions has been put and will continue to be on God – centeredness, believing in the world Afterlife, moderation in material desires and the importance of legitimate human freedom. Therefore, this writing will go on to discuss, as far as possible, the necessity for attention to all human dimensions including the following: the relation between education and Intellection, considering facilitations in the procedures of education, attention to the personality, esteem and honor of those trained, attention to their innate needs and divine affairs, providing necessary instructional conditions and also the means for the measurement of their talents with regard to ‘acquisition of education’.

Christianity is a religion arisen from the religious tradition of Jews which was based on the Jewish Faith. Christianity was born of and generated from a very long anticipation that made all hardships and straitened circumstances agreeable to the Jews and turned all misfortunes to palatable relish in the mouth of those Children of Isarel.Some of the Jews called Jesus (PBuH) the Messiah or the Promised Ideal; and it was this same religious group that established a new religion, in the course of time, to be called Christianity, It was certainly that very ideal of the Jews that changed to some independent religious principles named New testaments which were to be kept alive throughout centuries. In this new belief a happy period will come during which Christ will come back to reign the earth.

Without the support of the expansionists, propagation and promotion or the formation of Bahaism would never have become possible. The colonizers always tried to follow their dominative control over the Islamic countries by creating disagreement and discord among Muslims to disintegrate the united Islamic world into small pieces of land. The colonizers’ other important aims were to take possession of these lands’ resources to plunder their reserves after they had divided the territories among themselves through their colonizational decisions.Another important purpose of the colonizers’ has been to ruin the Islamic values such as Monotheism, God worshiping and precepts of jurisprudence, through their disparaging or deriding Muslims’ religious standards by announcing that Islam is an abolished religion with its ruling time having been ended. It was for this reason that the colonizers invented Bahaism and gave people their good news that the time has arrived for the moving freely beyond any religion and that doing everything one wishes is permissible. They depicted the future of the world on the basis of colonization teachings introducing Imperialism as the only system of ruling over the fate of all men so that they may enslave Muslims and set them as submissive servants for their colonizational goals.In the past, the Ottoman, British and Russian governments fulfilled an essential role in the performance of suitable events for the benefit of Bahaism. They did not withhold from any kind of help whether cultural, social or financial to the Bahais to promulgate their thoughts of Bahaism as the best gift of capitalistic world.