پژوهشنامه معارف قرآنی
پیاپی 1 (تابستان 1389)

Existence is the starting point for proving the world being created. Visiblecreatures in the world are possible which are the effect of these changes, and for allthere must be a cause. Since God is the primary existence and absolute perfection,it is necessarily the cause of everything that exists. Theologians call this “ex-nihilo”.In their views, whether the world is temporal or eternal, it has been created by God.The world has been created accrording to the science of God which is, therefore, afree Act. In addition, the only end through which we can imagine the will of God ishis special existence. Hence, creation is God’s grace. The casual and independentcreation are specific to God, because only God is existence and his essence is thesame. Theologians in response to the question of If God has created the worldbased on perfection where the evil originates from state that evil can not basicallybe found in the world, and what is considered as evil is non-existence, conditionedand accidental. This paper is aimed at discussing the issue of creation from point ofview of Muslim and Christian theologians and thinkers, especially Aquinas andAllame Tabataba’i. Despite the differences in the Christian theology of themedieval centuary and the Islamic theology, in principle, they are so close becauseboth theologies revolve around Allah though Christian theologians and thinkers ofthe medieval centuary knew and used the works of the Islamic theologians such asAvicenna and Al-Farabi. Therefore, they share a similar theme and linguistic style.

This study is an attempt to introduce the innate disposition of humans as a source of deism and theology. This means that a particular tendency lies within the humans that arouses their interest, makes them listen to the right message, and from within realize their origins. That is the reason why the innate disposition is one of the fundamentals of religious anthropology which is also used to describe views about religion, deism, theology, sociology, anthropology and etc. As a result, the term innate disposition, its features, and trends have been represented in this direction.

Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) carried out the greatest revolution in history.He annihilated all the political institutions, social, moral, cultural and religiouscommunities and replaced new institutions in order to cause a massive upheavalamong the Arabs. After the demise of the holy Prophet (PBUH), Umayyadsextended their influence in the administration of the Islamic community whichbecame the principal source of the formation of later developments in theprocess of Islamic history. Meanwhile, they re-laid the foundation of novelignorance. The main research questions here are how Umayyads, who are thechief enemies of Islam, infiltrated into the top management officials of theIslamic Society and who provided the opportunity for them and hold themresponsible for sensitive positions which paved the way for the hereditarymonarchy.

Research carried out on the Quranic verses dealing with Hijab (IslamicVeiling) reveals that, when all things considered, verdict vis-à-vis Hijab was notannounced offhand or all at once but gradually and piecemeal as it was revealedupon the Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) only after his Excellency. This is thereason why this verdict has left an indelible mark and gained permanency. Thepassage of time and conditions have influenced the dynamics of the IslamicJurisprudence and made some verdicts undergo some changes. For the samereason, we can appropriate verdicts which can be practically conducive in ourera. As a result, it is essential to explain the philosophy behind Hijab as thedemands of the current circumstances in our society can, for ensuring safety ofthe women, alter the boundaries of Hijab.

The reality is that our lives are full of good lessons; however, we don’t take them as an example for our lives. The truth can be discovered by going over the past events, reflecting upon them, and exploiting such experiences for our present and future times. The great nation of Iran has experienced a lot of sweet and bitter events over time that they have all been great lessons and experiences. The last remnant of the Imperial dynasty of Iran decided to celebrate his coronation in the early part of the last decade of his reign. This late celebration, without any proper justification, incurred great costs andsustained huge losses on the noble nation of Iran. This paper is an attempt to explain part of the heavy losses incurred by that celebration.

Taking an example is a state that human beings achieve through transition from the apparent and obvious affairs to recognize the intrinsic issues and internalize the obscure affairs. The similarities in the life style of nations and tribes and the impression that the past nations leave on humans are the causes for discussing such moral lessons as a way to achieve a desirable life. Everyone who enjoys a profound insight can get the messages across. This study examines the moral lessons from the perspective of Nahjul Balaghe and gives an account of its invaluable messages such as insight and wisdom, piety, benevolence, understanding and knowledge, slipping away from sin, and growth and development.

Today, one of the important issues of concern in human society is the issue of ethics and human behavior. On the one hand, the lack of moral affairs has broken apart family systems and societies and on the other hand, the necessity and significance of ethics have been under question. Considering all of these problems, it is still believed that ethical affairs have to do with the ancient communities and today's world does not need ethicality. This paper is an attempt to define ethics and its relationship with human ego and to clarify the role of self-states in human behavior, its relationship with human perfection, and the necessity and importance of it at any time, especially in current times.