فصلنامه تاریخ اسلام
پیاپی 6 (تابستان 1380)

that the topic of the Sabaeans is not a new one, and that the record ofissue goes back to the 17 th century; a quick glance over spite of the fact confusion over the issue both among In systematic investigation over this of investigation such investigation reveals greatly different opinions and former and latter conductors of such research. The main obstacles in the way topic have been the shortage of sources and information on one hand, and the of the extant information, on the other. In addition, the use or on this the name, Sabaeans, has caused greater chaos in the ambiguity and inaccuracy even research by modern orientalists misuse, by various other groups, of the prevailing opinions existing information about the sect, so much so that and scholars has been influenced by its adverse effects. By comparing and scrutinizing their strengths and flaws this paper tries to substantiate the view which is most objective and closest to reality. about the Sabaeans and present

figures in early Islam's history, in particular those who lived bothProphet Muhammad, and in the immediate turbulent period study of prominent clear and, at the same time, real picture The in during the lifetime of In this paper, by after his demise, is essentail in drawing a relatively. of political, social, cultural and economic conditions prevalent at the time sources, we will try to, as far as possible, reconstruct the chronological life and thus, help explain and clarify the state of referring to various affairs in that particular era. progression of Abdallah ibn-e Jafars.

Realm of Disbelief) was placed high on the political agenda of the prophet the Prophet in leading the Muslim World. Following Dar-al-kufr (the the policy of Dar-al-khilafah the Muslim khulafa (Successors) who Succeeded Medina) in In line with this objective, Muslim conquerors began advancing the seat of the Muslim Govemment-the first of which was Al-Madinah, English) and Egypt. Throughout these conquests, the reaction of various inhabitants towards the Muslim fighters was obviously not the same. Iraq, Iran, Syria, the way the defeated nations, especially of Dar-al-Harb (the Realm of war) It explains how the "people of The present article tries to bring to light. the citizenship of Ahl-ul-Dhimmah, reacted against their new Muslim masters the Scripture" could sign a protection treaty with the Muslims and obtain the new Islamic Governmet. Through such an arrangement, by pledging certain to the Muslim Sovereign authority, they could enjoy special rights and live anywhhere in Dar-al-Islam (the Realm of Islam), except in commitments the two holy cities of Makkah, Enghish Mecca, and privileges, and choose to) guaranteed by the new Muslim Administration. Al-Hijaz and its Haramayn Al-Madinah), under full security.

Hasan Hoseinzadeh Shanechi thatThe ah Muslim brought about a new situation in the "Disappearance" and scholastic spheres of that society. Ashariyah Shi Shii community ah; Muslims other consequently led to new developments in the cultural impacts The most important of such developments was the shift in the topmost authority of the Shi being the emergence of new scholarly schools,majar compilation, and production of Shiah reference books and scholastic of the Shiah in the period of "Minor and the expansion of the writing, of the Shii state of affairs sources. The review of the scholastic status Minor Disappenarance" is significant in that it signifies the transition" from a certain disposition to another specific arrangement. In fact, the which was the link between the ages of "Appearance" and "Major as the period of anticipation and of the preparation of Disappearance", the Imam's "Majar Disappearance" by the Shiah Disappearance", is considered achievements that occurred in this necessary grounds for the acceptance of and cultural public. It should also be added, here, that the scholastic period of linkage were the first steps taken on a long path of scholarly. advancement by the Shii community.

which have yet to be discovered. A clear case in point, here, Muslim works be the able and aghubi, who has not been The many hidden corners of not only he had not creative historian, ibn-e Wadhih al-Y takencould as seriously as he should by many scholars. As a Muslim historiographer, of his predecessors, but went on to become a great innovative historian knowledge as well. By applying unusual aghubi ranked been a mere imitator with major Muslim historians such as but methodicalin the realm of Islamic introduction aghubi's approaches in historiography, al-Y himself on par the particular al-Masudi and Ibn-e Miskawayh. This paper following a brief his on al-Y features of his methodology ofbiography and religion, takes up and his innovations in this domain. Special notice has been taken of attention to environmental cultures on doing his work. historiography scrupulous.

advent of Islam, because a typical ArabTranslated by: Shahla Bakhtiyari a great paternal lineage, it was customary to use certain the time of the individuals. Beside the paternal blood memebers At tribe was formed around of the trible bound), Jar expressions to refer to different classes of - who enjoyed (or clan), groups of people called Halif (oath bound), and Mawla protection the privilege of membership in and the - (freed) were those) trible (or clan). Since relations between the Jar and the trible (or clan) the Halif and the Mawla had closer ties with the tribe and protection of the role in tribal affairs. There is a were not as permanent, naturally or clan) had therefore, played a more significant social and political) that the Halif and the Mawla's relations with their spensor tribe been though marriage or decent thrugh maternal lineage. probability.

Translated by: Shahla Bakhtiyari a great paternal lineage, it was customary to use certain the time of the individuals. Beside the paternal blood memebers At tribe was formed around of the trible bound), Jar expressions to refer to different classes of - who enjoyed (or clan), groups of people called Halif (oath bound), and Mawla protection the privilege of membership in and the - (freed) were those) trible (or clan). Since relations between the Jar and the trible (or clan) the Halif and the Mawla had closer ties with the tribe and protection of the role in tribal affairs. There is a were not as permanent, naturally or clan) had therefore, played a more significant social and political) that the Halif and the Mawla's relations with their spensor tribe been though marriage or decent thrugh maternal lineage. probability.

Translated by: Hosein Alinaghian and development of Arab historiography and paper whose translation his own information and descriptive The introduction on the appearance history and science. historiographers. Next, the author tries to present philosophers. the paper describes Arabicintroductions on works of general Then, works on the history of scholars, in particular the ones on physicians is a presentation of general encyclopedias and biographies of scholars and several topics on bibliographical styles, and some What follows by the article presented here. scientists. Finally, Arabic bibliographies, autobiographies in Arabic are taken up.