فصلنامه توسعه اجتماعی
سال یکم شماره 1 (پاییز 1385)

The purpose of this paper is to validate and compare two sub cultural theories of Cohen and Miller on deviance، which are known as two rival theories، that bring extensive influences in sociological domain. We try to specify the shared and different aspects of these two theories and present questions as a base to draw up hypothesises suitable to our society. Thus the valorisation of this overview requires the proper analysis of field work، after drawing up the theoretical framework in this context.

In this study، which is an attempt in the field of human ecology، the main aim is to find an even native development Perspective for the rural regions in Kouzestan Province. We thinke that such a Preparatory and Problem – Seeking studing، is essential efforts before sketching the relevant projects within an even development Perspective. As the opportunities، obstacles، and the needs of the different rural regions are not the Same (in kind and degree)، it is not Possible to suggest a unique common Scenario for development of all the rural areas of the Province. Also، as the scientific and technological achievements have not been sufficiently diffused in the rural areas، So the natural and ecological factors have considerable impacts on the local Social lives of the People. Thus، it seems that recognition and discovering the Possibilities and the local needs (cultural and ecological)، and the typology of the villages the Province are the Pre - requisite Preparation for formulation of the even development Plans.

City of Ahwaz with one million population، is the seventh city of the country. Regarding the outbreak of war many development activities were stopped and most of city’s facilities were demolished. Because of the existence of several industries around the city، and the emergence of several towns around it، This question arises that is the growth and extension of Ahwaz with its rapid population growth (during recent decade 1373-1383) in tune with sustainable development especially with respect to the social aspects of sustainability. The aim of this study was analyse the growth of Ahwaz city between 1373-1383 with regard to the social aspects of sustainability and compared to the results with the social sustainable development standards. Referring to the theorical base of the research، five group of factors were identified that could be used to measure social aspects of sustainable development. They are: education، health and treatment، environmental hygiene، cultural- recreational facilities and urban facilities. Each factor is divided into several sub factors and each sub factor is divided into several measures (Total 29 measures) which were evaluated during the research. Information needed was collected from related organizations and offices. The measures were standardized. The average of measures of each factor was analyzed to ANOVA one way test. he results showed that the changes in the factor of education during the period of study was in tune with the sustainable development while other factors didn’t show significant changes. Therefore، the other factors changes were not in accordance with sustainable development standards. Generally speaking، it shows the social aspects of sustainable development were not fully achieved in Ahwaz. City of Ahwaz، comparing with the standards was in medium level of five part spectre. The factors of cultural- recreational facilities، environmental hygiene، health and treatment، urban facilities and education showed the most distance form the standards respectively. In order to results of search recomended that priority of improvemental planning is made to cultural- recreational facilities، environmental hygiene، health and treatment، urban facilities and education.

The aim of this study is Development of Five- Year Strategic Manpower Planning in University of Shahid Chamran with emphasis on Productivity Indicators in Educational Institutions. The main purpose of this study is the estimation of faculty members and staff in the university with emphasis on the theory of situational and four crucial elements of any organization such as; strategy، technology، internal and external environments and also considering of manpower productivity indicators. In doing so، a descriptive (field study) research method is chosen. Samples were randomly selected from Deans، education and research vice Deans، Group Directors، faculty members and staff in the university so that 228 (two hundreds and twenty eight) of them responded to questionnaires. The result of this study indicated that: The ratio of students to faculty members in the university is 32، which is far away from national optimal indicators (18). The ratio of student to staff is 9 comparing to the national optimal indicator، namely 15 which is not a suitable indicator. The respondents were believed that emphasizing on factors such as; improvement of process، reengineering، organization reforms، using technology، addressing material، and virtual needs of staff will effect the manpower productivity in the university. It is anticipated that for year 2010 based on the pessimistic option (ratio of 31)، the university needs 675 faculty members، optimistic option (ratio of 18)، the university needs 1163 faculty members، average option (ratio of 23)، the university needs 911 faculty members. In terms of staff based on the pessimistic option (ratio of 9)، the university needs decreasing of 127 staff، optimistic option (ratio of 15)، the university needs decreasing of 657 staff، average option (ratio of 11)، the university needs decreasing of 350 staff.