Journal of Research Development in Nursing and Midwifery
Volume:8 Issue: 1, 2011

Happiness is related with efficiency, hope, power of thinking, academic achievement and quality of life. Any efforts to create a happy climate for the students may produce positive outcomes directly or indirectly on the society. The first step to would understand the students experiences of happiness in academic environment.¬In this phenomenological study the data gathered through open-interactive interviews with 50 university students. The sampling was purposeful and continued till achieving data saturation. The data analyzed according Colliazi approach. The main themes that emerged were "peace of mind and heart" and "passion and inspiration". Being purposeful and feeling accomplishment also were two factors that made the students happy. ¬Since¬ the participants perceived happiness and being purposeful, and achievement related together therefore, developing approaches to create a happy university environment combined with spiritual wellbeing should be considered important for the educational policy makers.

Injection-site pain and bruising associated with subcutaneous injection of Heparin is one of the physical and psychological discomforts in patients. This study aimed at determining the effect of injection duration on the size of bruising and the severity of injection pain. This quasi-experimental study was designed on 119 patients hospitalized in Panje Azar teaching center in Gorgan, 2009. For each patient, two subcutaneous injections of 10 and 30 seconds were performed with a 12-hour interval. Data collection was carried out using a researcher-made checklist that consists of two sections, demographic characteristics and a section to record the extent of bruising and pain intensity. The Extent of bruising was measured using clear flexible ruler within 48-72 hours and pain intensity by visual analog scale (VAS) immediately after Heparin injection. Data were analyzed using SPSS- 16 by central tendency and statistical tests. The Findings show that 10-second injection in comparison to 30-second injection is more effective in increasing the exent of bruising and pain intensity. There is significant difference between the two methods (P<0.05). The duration of subcutaneous injection has an effect on bruising extent and the pain following the administration of Heparin in hospitalized patients. The findings can be used in clinical setting and nursing education.

The Valsalva maneuver (VM) affects the cardiovascular system by mechanical and reflex mechanisms. These effects are different in each of four phases of (VM) and may cause opposite changes. The ECG manifestations of (VM) are not fully reported and is the main focus of this study. This self-control clinical trial study was conducted in 20 healthy male college students (20.12±2.23 years). They were well trained to perform (VM) in standard mode e.g. the maintenance of 15 second expiratory pressure at 40 mmHg with open glottis. At (1) basal condition, (2) the start and (3) late strain in second phase of (VM), the ECG was recorded in supine position and lead II was used for software analysis of time (ms) and voltage (mv) changes. The averages of four successive beats were computed and mean±S.E.M were used for data comparison by paired T-test. Following (VM), the RR and PR intervals are significantly lower than baseline during phase two and three of (VM) (p<0.05). QT has no changes but the corrected QT interval is increased in phase two and three, in comparison with basal condition (p<0.05). The P wave duration shows significant changes, just in the beginning of strain phase (phase II). The QRS duration does not show significant changes in all phases of (VM). The P wave amplitude is increased in two and three (p<0.05). The R wave amplitude does not show significant changes in two and three in comparison with phase one, but is lower in three than two (p<0.05). The T wave amplitude is decreased in two and three; it also is significantly lower in three than two. The ratio of T/R amplitude in two and three is less than baseline (p<0.05). The second phase of (VM) results in some changes in time and amplitude of ECG waves. Because of relative stability of hemodynamic responses in phase II of (VM), it seems that R,T and P changes are caused by factors such as lung volume and autonomic tone rather than Brody’s effect.

Caregivers of chronic renal failure are faced with Hemodialysis related problems and coping with caring responsibilities.The Caregiver Burden is The negative effect of living with these patients. The aim of this study was to determine The Burden on Cargivers from Hemodialysis Patients and related factors.¬ In this descriptive and analytical study, 120 Caregivers of chronic renal failure¬ patients treated by Hemodialysis Gorgon's Panje Hospital were selected via census method. The construment was a demographics chek list and Caregiver Burden scale. We did Data analysis by spss software with, independent T-test, oneway, pearson and spearman test (p< 0.05). The majority of Caregivers (74.2%) have severe Burden. There is a direct significant correlation between total Burden and the duration,of discase and revers significant correlation between total Burden and the ability to perform patients daily life activities¬¬(p< 0.05).The caregivers with a disease endure the heavier Burden (p< 0.05). The caregivers with poor economic condition and Caregivers of with high dependency patients bear more Burdens (p< 0.05). ¬ According to the findings, because of high Burden on Caregivers, we recommend that designing some plans to be designed to for improve the coping strategies and control of the factors affected on Caregiver Burden to promote their health.

Because of special life condition, martyrs and veterans students have unique status in comparison with other university students. The aim of this study was determination of relationship of perceived social support, mental health, and life satisfaction in martyrs and veterans students of state universities in Gorgan,Iran. In this descriptive and analytical study, 102 martyrs and veterans students were selected via census sampling. Demographic data sheet, perceived social support scale, general health questionnaire (GHQ-12) and satisfaction with life scale were used.¬ Descriptive statistics, liner regression analysis, spearman correlation coefficient and Mann-Whitney test in spss 16 software environment were used for data analysis¬(P<0.05). According to GHQ-12, 21.4 percent of participants have unfavorite mental health (score less than 14). Findings show perceived social support is correlated with 23 percent of mental health changes (P=0.032) and 42 percent of life satisfaction changes (P=0.000). There is no significant relationship between perceived social support from friends and significant others and mental health and life satisfaction (P>0.05). There is significant correlation between mental health and life satisfaction (r= -0.534, P=0.000). According to our findings, availability of perceived social support from family leads to promotion of mental health and life satisfaction of students.

Nursing is an extremely stressful profession. Nurses are confronted with a variety of personal, communicational and organizational stresses, which affect on their health and job satisfaction reversely. The purpose of present study is to determine nurse's job stress in therapeutic-educational centers in Zanjan. In this cross sectional descriptive- analytical study 155 nurses of nursing staff of teaching hospitals of Zanjan were selected by stratified random sampling in 2010. The instruments were a demographic data sheet and Toft-Gray and Anderson's nursing stress scale. The Data were analyzed by SPSS-¬14.5 software, using descriptive statistics and Spearman & Pearson correlation coefficient. The results show that various occupational conditions lead to tensions, high level (57.4%), moderate (40%) and low intention (2.6 %). Based on Spearman, there is a significant relationship between levels of tension and education status (r= 0.192, P= 0.017). Other variables such as age, sex, ward, marital status, shift working, record of services, overtime and number of children show no significant relationship with occupational stress. Regarding to the harmful effect of occupational stress on nursing staff, we recommend that the authorities to consider reducing the stressful factors such as dissatisfaction of salary and premium, job overload, ambiguous roles and lack of social support.

Students¬ mental¬ health¬ is one of the effective factors on academic achievement and it seems that the experience of university environment leads to some changes in it. The aim of this study was the assessment of Golestan medical university student's mental health, when they enter university and after one year. In this descriptive and analytical study,the mental health of 132 students of Golestan university of medical sciences were measured in two times. The first was in entrance to university and the second was after one year.The date was gathered by a demographic data sheet and general health questionnaire (GHQ-28). Statistical analysis was done in SPSS¬-16 software environment,using descriptive statistics, spearman correlation coefficient, paired T-¬test and independent T-¬test. The subjects aged19.89± 1.22 are both boys(n=43,32.6%) and girls(n=89,67.4%). In entrance to university, 22% of students are indicaled as an inappropriate mental health.Paired¬ T-test indicated that student's total mental health score and its subscales (somatic symptom, anxiety and sleep disorder, social dysfunction and depression) has no significant difference in two measurements¬(P>0.05).Based on independent T-test, the second measurement of mental health is not significant between dormitory residents and non dormitory students, and between native and nonnative students (P>0.05). According to our finding, in first year of university, student's mental health has no special changes. Small sample size and lack of follow up in later years of university can be our study limitation.

After suffering from some diseases,car accident is the most common cause of mortality in Iran.Using safety seat belt has a considerable role in reducing the injuries.This study has been established for comparing the trend of safety belt use from 2007to¬ 2010 in Golestan province. This population-based cross-sectional study was carried out on 3999 subjects aged 15-65,¬during four years,in 11 urban and rural public health centers.They were selected by stratified and cluster sampling.¬ Interviewers recorded the data using a all of them filled demographic data sheet,and were asked whether they asked seat belt or not.We used Chi-2 test to compare the frequencies and regression logistic to estimate seat belt use odds ratio. The rate of seat belt use in the years of 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010 were 71%, 69.8%, 74.5 and 86.4%, respectively.The difference is signficant(P<0.01) safety belt use during the four years increases by 15.4%.¬ This increase in urban area is 19% while in rural area is 14.9%. In under 35-¬year-old group,the increase is 17.85% and in over 35 is 14.3%. In 2010,¬using seat belt in men was more than women, by 14.8%. Using safety belt increased by 3.85% for each year.It,s use in urban higher that rural are,and in institutionalization to use the safety belt and a growing trend to use clear men more them women was reported.Interalization horizon in the province in reducing mortality from accidents will open of using seat belt and it,s increasing use is considerable in this Province.

Hydrogenated vegetable oils consumption¬–¬rich sources of both saturated ¬fatty acids and trans fatty¬ acids is one of the most important risk factor for Coronary Vascular Diseases(CVD). The aim of the current ¬study was to investigat the hydrogenated vegetable oil consumption based on Precede model among women who attained in Khomein and Mahallat health centers in 2008. In this descriptive-analytic a study, 136 women who were covered -by Khomein and Mahallat health centers selected through a systematic random sampling. Data gathering instrument was a researcher-¬designed valid and reliable questionnaire bases on Precede constructs. The data was analyzed by using independent T-test and Pearson correlation coefficient(p<0.05). Three point five percent have appropriate knowledge, 60.3% have favorite attitude and 67.7% have¬ incorrect practice. Hydrogenated vegetable oil consumption rate is 72%.The expensive ¬of unhydrogenated oil 77.9% and¬ subsiding¬ distribution¬ of hydrogenated oil 77% are the most important enabling¬ factors.¬ Meanwhile, husband unwelcoming 66.2% is the most reinforcing factor that impede as an appropriale practice. The¬ results¬ indicated¬ that the¬ majority of subjects have inappropriale nutritional practice. Reinforcing and enabling factors¬ are effective on unhydrogenated oil consumption. Decrease¬ of unhydrogenated oil price and encouragement of the spouses are recommended.

One of the criteria of public health assessment is oral health. DMFT index (Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth) is considered as an indicator of oral health and periodontal diseases.¬We aimed at investigating the oral health status of primary school students of in Saveh,Iran. In this cross-sectional study, 810 primary school students were assigned by multistage sampling. The instruments were a demographic questionnaire and oral examination based on DMFT index, according to the world health organization criteria. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 14, using descriptive and analytical tests and (P<0.05). The Average DMFT is 7.8±3.2.The results show that¬ 42.1% of students brush their teeth once a day,¬¬48.3% of them use mouthwash and 1.2% need an immediate dental treatment. There is significant relationship between age, gender and frequency of brushing and DMFT index(P<0.05 The prevalence of dental caries among primary school students of Saveh is greater than the world health organization standards, therefore correct planning is necessary to improve the present condition.