فصلنامه تاریخ
پیاپی 12 (بهار 1388)

The SALJUQS were the first moslem government that can expansible the self caesarean zone to ASIA MINOR and ANATOLI.Since, beforthey,dont reach any dominion to this success.Spread the SALJUQS realm domain to west and east IRAN was that way than they know selves steem equation with SASSANID and scrounge than creation a great caesarean similarity SASSANID age. Of the geographic sight, the SALJUKIAN caesarean administer into provinces that all coincide together provinces than organized SASSANID caesarean. This SALJUQSvictorie, only, dont equal to west and east together SASSANID domain limit,rather, this progress in the locales south IRAN indusive even PERSIAN GOLF lands range.This victories and spreed 2 government domain exorbitance every things, sensation of the stronge martial structure and their martial formation.Check the martial organization and succiful every one of the army pack to SALJUKIAN and SASSANID age have got sign the power of 2 government.The SALJUKIAN have scrouge for the creation a great caesarean similarity SASSANID, them encouragment to fixate and strengthen power self and spread the martial and political structures.

The 1907 Convention was an outcome of overt and covert competition between England and Russia in the arena of International relations at the turn of the twentieth century. The kernel of this convention that is Iran was divided into three separate parts: The north, region of Russia, the central zone, neutral and the south influence zone of England. The internal reaction to the convention was dreadful for these expansionist countries especially England. But ignored point was diplomatic-military changes in the arena of international relations at that time which led to the passing of this convention. Iran had contradictory conditions at the twilight of the twentieth century: on the one hand the great powers considered in Iran as peripheral and backward country and on the other hand where international interest were concerned, the regarded the country as a weak but important.

Siorghal is one of the most advanced and the most complete forms of feudalism in Iran.This economic and social phenomenon was inagurated in Iran in the period of Ale Jalayer.The latter Iranian Ilqans and the Torkmans too used it in varoustimes.InTimuridperiod,specially up to the death of Shahrokh,many small and large Siorghals were bestowed to the princes,commanders,clergies and bureacrats.AfterShahrokh’sdeath,and following the collapse of Timuri empire and the war between Timur’s children and grand children.The growth of siorghal stopped. Garagoyoonlu and AqqoyoonluTorkmans more or less used this method of feudalism.With the emergence of Safavids,manysiorghals were bestowed to military,civil,and religious officialls.In the rule of Shah Abbas I.the powerful and centralized government the siorghal lands were first limited and finally stopped.What was siorghal,and what features it had?This article tries to discuss the process of emergence,and the change in this social and economic.

Given his pore God- given, human has a sense of altruism and helping the poor and serving people. Naturally, human heart beats for nursing the sick person and helping the poor and helpless people. The establishment of the "Red cross" in 1906 centaury in west and then in many countries of the world also could be considered as a response to this benevolent call of the human inside. According to available documents of Iran government until 1906A.D (1324A.H), Iran had no representative in any international conferences of the "Red Cross". Signing the convention of the "Red cross" in 1864 was the only available thing. Iran sent its representative to Geneva in 1906 for the first time in order to attend international conference of the "Red Cross". The Red Crescent society family began to work in Iran 1302A.H, which was called as "lion and Red sun society " in that time. This article aims not only to express the history of the this benevolent institution inn Iran and world by using the reliable documents and resources, but also to deal with the structures, affiliated institutions, financial- official establishments, and activities of this organization specially in the time of disasters such as earthquake flood, and so on.

Through this research work I have tried to explain the nature of rentier state in Iran, and Its relation with democracy through a historical process. The main question of this research work is: can nature of the government determine and explain the non-democratic statue of Iran? In other words and through a sub question of this research work: Is the structure and nature of a rentier state an important agent in instability of political partirs?To collect information and data for this research work I used library studies, internet sources, and the instruments and works which relate to the subject. Having studied the data already gathered, I reached following Increase of revenue from petroleum sources from the Second Pahlavi King and relying on this natural resource up to the present time, beside patrimonialism characteristics of the government which exists from the long past eras have led to a bigger government. Doubtlessly, imbalance among the social domains of a political system (domains of policy, economy and culture) has been a main obstacle in formation of public and civil domains and prevents participation of political parties. while people are the main cause of formation of a civil society in modern western societies, and the government is formed to serve the nation, in Iran, it is the rentier state who orders and organizes while it has no dependence on the social classes, economic and political concentration, and social powers (including political parties, etc.)

In spite of passing a centaury, the debate on causes, backgrounds and outcomes of constitution revolution of Iran is stile a new topic. Detection of new documents, the study of different viewpoints and rendering the new questions and hypothesizes have increased the motivation of researchers who have entered into this field, because rendering new diverse ideas has led to ideas judgment and dynamics. This is also true for different viewpoints of historian and researchers of the Soviet union which were based on the Stalinist chronology and in many cases, they confronted the criticism of many liberals, socialists and communists.The book "Iran revolution and the Bolsheviks of Transcaucasia" by G.C.Artonian published in 1956 which is one of the formal histories of the Stalinist chronology.The present article tries to study the Artonian's viewpoints based on Bolshevik influence on constitution revolution of Iran and chronological induces of Stalinist dogmatism and sectarianism.

According to studies in the field of vacuum Sassanian coins of political and religious signs there, documents and resources were investigated. The range of research time (224-652) with the outlook on the golden coins and Silvery encompasses. The study followed 18 coins there signs of political and religious frequency cut.Signs on Sassanian coins theme written in different forms such as titles and Kings, Pearl Kings Crown, Heating, fire, moon, sun and gods Ahura Mazda, Anahita and Mithra are visible. These symptoms exclusively To express display faces and titles of kings, but not in the ideology of the images of kings rule over society and implementing their political goals is hidden. The aim of this study these symptoms with descriptive - analytical concepts of ideology and its relationship with Kings to achieve political goals and Religion is shot. In other words, religious and political thought Sassanian kings in the realm of visual representation can be assessed.

Zoroastrians in Iran until the Safavaid Period with a lot of problems and the decrease in more than his followers have been present. They by restrictedness the Safavid Shiites state religion should have announced their condition adjusted new and because of the limit of his followers and the lack of confidence Muslim people to them that they could not play an important political and social role, in spite of the hardworking people, and often through agriculture his life, often in affairs related to their religious freedom of action.