Frontiers in Dentistry
Volume:8 Issue: 4, Autumn 2011

Biopure® MTAD (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, USA) has been developedas a final irrigant following root canal shaping to remove intracanal smear layer.Many of the unique properties of MTAD potentially transfer to the conditioningprocess of tooth roots during periodontal therapy. The aim of this ex vivo studywas to evaluate the effect of MTAD on the removal of smear layer from root surfaces. Thirty two longitudinally sectioned specimens from 16freshly extracted teeth diagnosed with advanced periodontal disease were dividedinto four groups. In group 1 and 2, the root surfaces were scaled using Gracey curettes.In group 3 and 4, 0.5 mm of the root surface was removed using a fissurebur. The specimens in group 1 and 3 were then irrigated by normal saline. Thespecimens in groups 2 and 4 were irrigated with Biopure MTAD.All specimens were prepared for SEM and scored according to the presence ofsmear layer. MTAD significantly increased (P=0.001) the smear layer removal inboth groups 2 and 4 compared to the associated control groups, in which only salinewas used. MTAD increased the removal of the smear layer from periodontallyaffected root surfaces. Use of MTAD as a periodontal conditioner may be suggested.

It has been noted that the presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)in the oral cavity may affect the outcome of eradication therapy. This condition isassociated with the recurrence of gastric infection. The optimum secretion of salivapromotes oral health consequently influencing H. pylori eradication. The purposeof this study was to investigate the relation between salivary secretion andthe efficacy of H. pylori eradication from the stomach. Forty five patients with gastric H. pylori infection wereenrolled in this study. Diagnosis of H. pylori infection was confirmed by endoscopy,biopsy, urease test and histological examination. Salivary secretion of allparticipants was determined under standard condition before the beginning of antibacterial treatment. Then the patients were treated with a 14-day course anti-H.pylori regimen consisting of amoxicillin, omeprazole, metronidazole and bismuth.The efficacy of eradication therapy was evaluated 4 weeks after the end of thetreatment course. Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the variables. The median of salivary secretion among successful and unsuccessful H.pylori eradication groups was 0.48 ml/min and 0.24 ml/min, respectively(p=0.005). Although the type of drug regimens is challenging, the efficacy ofH. pylori eradication from the stomach might be reduced by lower salivary secretion.

Excessive weight in children is a major public health concern. The intakeof refined carbohydrates, especially sugars and the prevalence of dental cariesare well documented in the literature. The purpose of this study was to investigatethe relationship between dental caries and BMI in elementary school children. The sampling technique used in the present study was acluster random sampling. A total of 1000 pupils (500 girls, 500 boys) aged 6-11years from 20 private and state elementary schools (10 boys, 10 girls). The weightstatus was measured in children by assessment of body mass index (BMI) (=bodyweight/body height2 kg/m2) corresponding to gender and age-ranked percentages.To assess the caries frequency the decayed filled teeth (DFT) index for permanentdentition and the dft index for primary dentition were used since they give goodperception about the situation of tooth caries in young patients. The highest mean total dft/DFT was seen in normal weight and lowestaverage in at risk of overweight children. There was not a statistically significantrelationship found between high weight and caries frequency in the first (p=0.08)and permanent dentitions (p=0.06). The results of this preliminary study do not support an associationbetween dental caries and obesity.

Zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) under composite restorations should becovered with a suitable material in order to prevent the harmful effect of ZOE onthe composite. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate microleakage ofcomposite restorations in pulpotomized primary molars with different bases forcovering the ZOE layer and to assess the distance between different layers. Proximo-occlusal cavities were prepared in 78 extractedsecond primary molars. Carious lesions were removed and pulpotomy wascarried out. Zinc oxide eugenol paste was placed in 2-mm thickness. The teethwere randomly divided in 6 groups and restored as follows: 1. Light-cured composite;2. Resin-modified glass-ionomer and composite resin; 3. Glass-ionomerand composite resin; 4. Light-cured calcium hydroxide and composite resin; 5.Calcium hydroxide and composite resin; 6. Amalgam and composite resin. Therestored specimens were thermocycled for 500 cycles (5°C/55°C) and microleakagewas assessed by dye penetration technique. Three specimens from eachgroup were processed for scanning electron microscope evaluation to determinethe distance between the layers. The results were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis andDunn tests. Microleakage assessment revealed significant differences between thegroups (P=0.04), with the amalgam group exhibiting the lowest microleakagevalues. In SEM micrographs no significant differences were observed in the distancebetween ZOE base layers (P=0.94) and base-composite layers (P=0.47);however, the amalgam group had the lowest distances. The use of amalgam over zinc oxide eugenol layer in pulpotomizedprimary molars decreases microleakage.

To determine the pattern of stability changes as a reflection of earlyhealing around single-stage roughened-surface implants in humans utilizing resonancefrequency analysis (RFA). Hundred twenty-five patients who demanded dentalimplants were treated with two different implant (Nobel Biocare ReplaceTM andStrummanTM ITI) systems. Bone type was classified into four groups. RFA wasused for direct measurement of implant stability on the day of implant placementand consecutively at 14, 30 and 60 days after placement. The data were analyzedwith Student t test and regression analysis. Three-hundred four roughened surface implants placed in the maxillaand mandible were evaluated. In ReplaceTM implants the lowest mean stabilitymeasurement was at 30 days for all bone types and the stability did not changesignificantly in any of the bone types (p>0.05). ITITM implants demonstrated thelowest stability at 60 days for type 1 and 30 days and baseline for type 2, 3 and 4bones. In addition, there was significant differences in implant stability betweenbone types 1 and 4 (P<0.001), 2 and 3 (p<0.05), and bone types 3 and 4(P=0.07) at all aforementioned times in ITITM implants. In ReplaceTM implants,regarding the implant diameter, contrary to ITI implants, no significant stabilitychanges were detected (p>0.05). No significant difference was observed regardinggender, age and lengths in both systems. In comparison to ITITM implants, ReplaceTM implants revealed nosignificant difference in the pattern of stability changes among different bonetypes.

The objective of this study was to compare the tensile bond strengthof metal brackets bonding to glazed ceramic surfaces using three various surfacetreatments. Forty two glazed ceramic disks were assigned to threegroups. In the first and second groups the specimens were etched with 9.5% hydrofluoric acid (HFA). Subsequently in first group, ceramic primer and adhesivewere applied, but in second group a bonding agent alone was used. In third group,specimens were treated with 35% phosphoric acid followed by ceramic primerand adhesive application. Brackets were bonded with light cure composites. Thespecimens were stored in distilled water in the room temperature for 24 hours andthermocycled 500 times between 5°C and 55°C. The universal testing machinewas used to test the tensile bond strength and the adhesive remenant index scoresbetween three groups was evaluated. The data were subjected to one-wayANOVA, Tukey and Kruskal-Wallis tests respectively. The tensile bond strength was 3.69±0.52 MPa forfirst group, 2.69±0.91 MPa for second group and 3.60±0.41 MPa for third group. Group II specimensshowed tensile strength values significantly different from other groups (P<0.01). In spite of limitations in laboratory studies it may be concluded thatin application of Scotch bond multipurpose plus adhesive, phosphoric acid can beused instead of HFA for bonding brackets to the glazed ceramic restorations withenough tensile bond strength.

It is difficult to reconstruct an alar defect with cartilage involvement. Here in theauthors report a case of traumatic alar loss during childhood in which an alar reconstruction was carried out with a composite auricular graft put over the pedicle buccal flap which was rotated and passed through the intraoral side. The lining skin and auricular cartilage for the flap was obtained from the auricular region which was acceptable for the patient. All procedures were performed under general anesthesia. One year follow up revealed satisfactory results with minimal contracture of the graft.

Radicular cysts arising from deciduous teeth are rare. This report presents a case of radicular cyst associated with a primary molar following pulptherapy and discusses the relationship between pulp therapy and the rapid growth of the cyst. The treatment consisted of enucleation of the cyst sac and extraction of the involved primary teeth and 20 months follow up of the patient. Early diagnosis of the lesion would have lead to a less aggressive treatment plan.