نشریه پرستاری ایران
پیاپی 74 (اسفند 1390)

Our country needs nurses who are expert in family nursing. Accordingly, we need to determine their professional tasks as a basis for future planning regarding establishment of family nursing discipline in Iran. This study was a need assessment for family nursing curriculum using the viewpoints of nursing experts.

It was a need assessment study using Delphi technique. Study population included nursing experts such as members of nursing board in Ministry of Health and Medical Education, vice dean for education and head of the departments in nursing schools in Iran who were selected through cluster multistage sampling and 93 experts participated in the first stage of the study. Data was gathered through Delphi technique and using questionnaire in two stages. The questionnaires were send by post. Focus groups viewpoints were used to complete and finalize the tasks. Data was analyzed using SPSS- PC by calculating mean and standard deviation for each statement.

In the first stage of Delphi 56 items in care domain, 34 items in consultation domain, 14 items in research domain and 15 items in management domain were determined. In the second phase of Delphi all tasks received a mean score more than4. At last, 15, 11, 5, and 5 tasks were determined and finalized in care, consultation, and research and management domains, respectively.

Findings of the study revealed the importance of family nursing role in care domain especially regarding the care of patients suffering from chronic diseases. The results of this study could be used in curriculum development of family nursing discipline

Consistent with recent scientific advances in wound treatment, modern dressing, using technology and knowledge were designed and produced. Such a dressing can provide an appropriate environment for moisturizing wound healing by maintaining and controlling moisture along with other conditions. This study aims to compare the effect of dry and moist dressing on burn wound healing. It was a quasi experimental research. Sampling was done constantly according to inclusion criteria. The final sample consisted of 60 patients hospitalized in Shahid Motahari burn center with second degree burn and a TBSA less than or equal to 10% on bo th hands or legs. Data collection tools included demographic information form and observation checklist. Part of the burned area was covered with a dry dressing according to hospital routine and the other part covered with the wet dressing of NA ultra. The stage and duration of wound healing was observed and recorded in the third, seventh, thirteenth and twenty-first days. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and pair t-test by SPSS-PC (v. 13). There was a significant difference between the mean scores of the stage (P<0.001) and duration (P=0.004) of burn wound healing. According to the findings, the use of wet dressings in treating burn wounds is advisable.

Mental health disorders are common problems among helping professionals such as nurses that create many psychosocial problems. This study aims to determine the mental health status of nursing staff. it was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. All of nursing personnel (n=92) in Fateme Zahra hospital in Najafabad city were recruited by census. Data was collected by The Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90) and analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA using SPSS-PC (v. 11.5). The finding showed that %81.1 of nurses was healthy and 18.9% of them were exposed to mental disorders. The most prevalent disorders were: 7.3% somatic disorders, 5.8 % paranoid thoughts and %5 anxieties. According to the findings, more attention should be paid to mental health of nursing staff to improve quality care and to retain nurses.

Anxiety is one of the most common and most important psychological reactions in patients with acute myocardial infarction which has a very negative effect on the prognosis of their disease and their physical and mental recovery period. Accordingly this study was conducted in order to compare the effects of different education methods on reducing the State-anxiety of patients with myocardial infarction. It was an experimental study. Sixty six patients with myocardial infarction hospitalized in a CCU in a hospital in Qom city were recruited by convenience sampling considering the inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to three equal groups of face-to-face, pamphlet and CD-ROM training methods. Data were collected by Spielberg State-anxiety inventory. State anxiety was measured and compared in three groups before and after intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS-PC (v.11.5). The findings showed that the different training methods had significant effects on reducing the state anxiety levels of the sample (P=0/000). However no significant difference was seen between the three experimental groups (P>0/05). Findings suggest that different methods of reducing anxiety in patients with acute myocardial infarction are effective. So using all three methods is advisable.

Background and Despite routine episiotomy is questioned in specialized midwifery books for more than a decade, this method is still routinely performed in Iran. In addition to increasing health care costs it will increase the workload of nursing and midwifery. This study was done with the aim of determining the frequency of episiotomy and its related factors in a labor ward in Sari city. It was a descriptive cross–sectional study. The sample (n=915), women referred to Labor ward of Emam Khomeini hospital of Sari city in Iran were recruited by census during 2007. Data was collected using an information sheet including three parts of demographic characteristics of women, obstetrical characteristics and probable related factors of episiotomy, and the type of delivery (with or without episiotomy). Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, c 2 and Mantel-Haenszel tests using SPSS-PC (v.16). Episiotomy was performed in 812 cases (88.7%). There was a significant relationship between episiotomy and maternal age (P=0.023), Parity (P=0.01), the first minute APGAR score (P=0.003), fifth minute APGAR score (P=0.000), and birth weight (P=0.000). There was no relationship between prolonged second stage, use of forceps and vacuum, neonatal head circumference, maternal literacy and residency. Regarding the routine use of episiotomy in some labor wards, and in order to physiologic management of labor and creating a good experience for mothers, it is suggested that episiotomy only be performed on the basis of indication. It will also reduce mortality, complications, and the health care costs and also nurses’ and midwives’ workload.

The challenges experienced by mothers of children who are chronically ill usually are multiple and ongoing. To provide quality care to children with chronic illnesses, family members and especially mothers, should cope effectively with the disease of their child. The aim of this study was to determine the coping behaviors of mothers of chronically ill children hospitalized in Markaz-Tebby-Kodakan in Tehran. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The sample was recruited by convenience sampling and included 161 mothers of children with a chronic illness hospitalized in Markaz-Tebby-Kodakan during 2008. They were asked to complete the Coping Health Inventory for Parents (CHIP) to evaluate their total mean and the mean of three subscales including 1) maintaining family integration, cooperation and optimistic definition of the situation 2) maintaining social support, self-esteem and psychological stability and 3) understanding the medical situation through communication with other parents and consultation with medical staff. Data was analyzed by t- test and ANNOVA using SPSS-PC (v.15). The sample's mean for the total scale was 70.66 (SD=24.79, Range= 9- 135), for the family integration subscale 29.18 (SD=11.08, Range= 6-57), for the support, esteem and stability subscale 29.12 (SD= 9.7, Range=7-54) and for the medical communication subscale 12.71 (SD= 5, Range=2-24). There were no significant relationships between the mothers’ demographics and child disease- related variables and the total mean and three subscales’ means of the questionnaire. In comparison with other related studies, the sample obtained lower scores in the “maintaining family integration, cooperation and optimistic definition of the situation” and “maintaining social support, self-esteem and psychological stability” and were unsuccessful in these copying behaviors. The findings of this study may provide a framework for the development of guidelines for clinical nursing interventions. Knowledge and awareness of the coping behaviors of mothers of children with chronic illnesses may assist nurses to provide the needed social support for them.

Increasing number of retirees and improved life expectancy has been resulted in increased retirement years. The status of Iranian nurses seems to be different from nurses in other countries; yet no model has been proposed regarding the adaptation of nurses with retirement. The aim of this study was to propose an adaptation model for retired nurses. It was a qualitative grounded theory study. The participants were 20 retired nurses from Semnan city who were recruited by purposeful and theoretical sampling. In the first stage data was generated by semi- structured interviews. Field notes were also used as data. Data collection and analysis by constant comparison was done simultaneously using Strauss and Corbin method. In the second stage, the model of adaptation with retirement was composed using the themes emerged in the first stage and literature review according to the Walker and Avant method. the proposed Model included some stages for nurses’ adaptation with retirement: preparation for the experience of retirement, identity reconstruction strengthening, optimum use of supportive factors, attention to negative interactions, and providing facilities for a normal life. Since retirement is not a mono- stage, simple transition process, but is an adaptation process that occurs during time, the proposed model would help nurse retirees to control stressors and imbalances in their lives and adapt with retirement successfully.

Cancer is a major health problem worldwide. Several factors are involved in cancer. However the role of environmental factors is more prominent. Modification of these factors into proper behavior would help to prevent cancer. Accordingly this study was done with the aim of evaluating the exposure to carcinogenic agents in Tehran citizens. It was a descriptive, cross- sectional survey. The sample consisted of 2500 Tehran citizens who were recruited by systematic cluster random sampling. Data was collected by a researcher- made instrument with five parts including demographic information, and questions regarding alcohol and tobacco use, radiation exposure, exposure to chemical agents, and reaction to stress. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics using SPSS-PC (v. 11.5) The result showed that10% of the sample had consumed alcohol, 16% were Smokers. 22% were encountered U.V, 88/4% had not contact with chemical agents at work place. 94/4% were not taking oral contraceptives. The majority of Tehran citizens (45/8%) got angry sometimes. Most of Tehran Citizens exposed to carcinogenic agents, especially radiation, cigarette smoke, chemicals and with less intensity with stressors. Due to alcohol being forbidden in Islam, no clear information is available about its consumption. To educate people about the carcinogenic agents can be helpful.