فصلنامه روان شناسی و دین
سال چهارم شماره 4 (پیاپی 16، زمستان 1390)

The present paper tries to expound the relationship between personality dimensions and teacher's religiosity to determine the rate of predicting religiosity through personality dimensions, using a correlation-descriptive method. 274 male and female teachers working in Roodan were selected from a statistical population and a random cluster sampling proportionate to class size was used. They completed a questionnaire on demographical characteristics, religiosity, and personality questionnaires. Statistical methods such as Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression were used for analyzing the data. The research findings show that the relationship of personality dimensions of extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness with religiosity is positive, and neuroticism is negatively related to religiousness. The results of gender differentiated data analysis show that there are similar relationships between male teachers and the teachers in general. However, there is no significant relationship between neuroticism and religiousness among female teachers. The results of regression analysis show that religiosity is positively predicted by dimensions of extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness, and it is negatively predicted by the dimension of neuroticism for all teachers. However, the dimensions of agreeableness and conscientiousness religiosity is predicted to be significant regarding male teachers and only neuroticism regarding female teachers.

The present paper tries to determine the relationship of religious behavior and self-consciousness with cognitive failures among the middle-aged. The sample includes 394 middle-aged people form Ardabil who were selected through ordinary random sampling. The scale of religious behavior, the scale of self-consciousness and a questionnaire on cognitive failures were used to gather data. Such statistical methods as Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regressions were used to analyze the research findings. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there was a significant negative relationship between religious behavior and cognitive failures among the middle-aged. The results of regression analysis of various variables showed that self-consciousness and religious behavior is %16 of the variance of cognitive failures among the middle-aged. These results show that high standards of religious behavior and self-consciousness decreases cognitive failures.

The present paper seeks to investigate the role of attachment to father, attachment to God, and attributional styles in the social distress among university students in Birjand. The statistical population includes 700 students from Birjand Payam-e-noor University and Azad Islamic University who were selected according to random multi-stage cluster sampling. They answered questionnaires on attachment to parent (Hazan and Shaver, 1986), attachment to God, attributional styles (ASQ) and social anxiety disorder (SD) which were investigated through analysis of course of development. The results showed that the attributional style of failure and weak attachment to one’s father directly predict social anxiety disorder. Furthermore, attachment during childhood showed significant courses of increase or decrease of social anxiety disorder through attachment to God and attributional style of success. According to the research findings, it can be said that strong attachment during childhood, positive attributional styles, and strong attachment to God contribute to decreasing social distress.

The present paper tries to investigate the relationship between Islamic life style and happiness about life satisfaction among university students in Isfahan. The statistical population includes students from three universities in Isfahan (Isfahan University, Malik Ashtar University of Technology, and Isfahan University of Technology). 300 students were selected from these universities through random sampling. They answered the Oxford 29 –item happiness questionnaire, the 5-item questionnaire on satisfaction with life (SWLA), and Kaviyani's questionnaire on Islamic life style. Descriptive statistics and multiple regressions have been used for analyzing this article. The results show that there is a significant positive relationship between Islamic style of living and student's life satisfaction at the level of p<0.001, that happiness has a significant positive relationship with six subscales of Islamic life style (thought, science, familial, financial, beliefs, worship and social) at the level of p<0.001, and that the subscale of health has a significant positive relationship with life satisfaction at the level of p<0.001.

The present paper tries to identify the relationship between Islamic optimism, Seligman's learned optimism and mental security. The research uses correlation method. 300 seminary and non-seminary students were selected from Human Sciences Institute of Higher Education in Al-Mustafa International University through random sampling. They answered Noori's Islamic optimism questionnaire, Seligman's optimism-pessimism questionnaire, and Maslow' security- insecurity questionnaire. The results show that there is a significant positive relationship between these three variables. According to demographical variables, the level of both optimism and mental security has significant difference. There is a higher rate of optimism and mental security among men than among women, non-seminary students than among seminary students and among married students than among single students. The first group in the four age groups, i.e., 20-25, 26-30, 31-35, 36-40, has lower degree of optimism and mental security than the rest.

The present paper tries to investigate the relationship between spouse's religious commitment and marital communication patterns. The sample size includes 121 spouses (N=242) who were selected from teacher training universities and seminaries in Isfahan city, according to multi-stage random sampling. Christensen's and Sullaway's communication patterns questionnaire and Janbozorgi's religious commitment questionnaire were used to measure the research variables. Different statistical methods were used to analyze the data. The results show that there is a significant relationship (p<0.01) between spouse's religious commitment and the kind of their communication patterns. There was a significant relationship between spouse's communication patterns (the constructive communication subscale, the demand/withdraw subscale, the female demand and male withdraw subscale, and the mutual avoidance and withholding subscale) in those committed to religion versus those not committed to religion. The spouse's communication patterns could be predicted by religious commitment and they might changed when religious commitment change.

The main aim of the present paper investigating the impact of computer games on adolescent's empathy scale. From the statistical population, that is third grade students of secondary schools in Qom City who are in the academic year of 1386-1387 (2007-2008) 220 students (15-16 years old) were selected according to two- stage stratified random sampling. The survey method was used in this research and Davis's Empathy Questionnaire was used to gather data. The data were analyzed by two-way multivariate ANOVA. The research findings showed that computer games has negative impact on perspective-taking and no impact on empathy variable and subscales of personal distress and empathic concern, that those students who play computer games for more than 52 minutes per day have lower perspective-taking, and that gender is influential in the correlation between computer games and self-respect.