مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
پیاپی 191 (هفته اول امرداد 1390)

In medicine decision making in respect to prognosis diagnosis, and treatment is a major challenge. Therefore, in this respect supportive and auxiliary modalities are critical and desirable. Cancerous tumor, edema and lesion detection in deep layers of body tissues are impossible without depth imaging modalities such as CT and MRI. Since these modalities have limitations, it is recommended to use them in a supportive manner. One way to compare these modality images is bilateral adaptation by the use of maximum mutual information (MI). In this research the two modalities of medical images of CT scan and Magnetic Resonance Image have been studied in mutual information consideration. One of the images is assumed as a reference and fixed in parameters and the other is transformed as float. To ease the comparison the pixel intensity in both modalities are normalized into 0-255. With the application of the Kullback-Leibler rule of probability, the researcher tried to maximize mutual information. Float images are transformed by their coordinate in X and Y direction and rotation angle TH. The software should change the float image parameters and try to find maximum mutual information. In the procedure of the same modality image registration, “CT with CT or MRI with MRI”, for six available images there was 180 trials. For similar modalities of variation of ± 11mm and ± 30 degrees, mean value displacement for maximum mutual information was between 8.2 to 9.1mm with the standard deviation of ±1 to ±2.6 while for different modalities it was 4.4 to 11.3mm with standard deviation of ±4 to ±6.7. The difference between these values shows a mismatch of CT modalities with MRI modalities. This mismatch could be due to modality constitution. In MRI imaging intensity and contrast are based on H1 content T1 and T2 relaxation times, while in CT imaging intensity and contrast are determined with X-ray absorbance of tissues based on HVL absorbance of different tissues. Therefore, registration of CT modality with MRI modality on the basis of intensity and contrast is not satisfactory. We suggest the use of other configurations such as morphological characteristics of these modalities.

Systemic hypertension is one of the major risk factors of heart failure and especially left ventricular dysfunction. Mild hypertension is mostly asymptomatic and can remain hidden for years. Moreover, it can lead to morphologic changes and functional alterations in the myocardial structure. This study is designed to determine left ventricular morphologic change in mild hypertensive patients in comparison with the healthy population by 2-dimentional echocardiography. During this historical cohort study, 38 mild hypertensive and 37 normotensive participants underwent left ventricle echocardiographic assessment. Being a Smoker or alcoholic, having a history of antihypertensive therapy and some other characteristics were excluded from this study. Student t-test and ANOVA were selected statistical tests for analysis in SPSS19. The mean age of the study population was 47.45 ± 9.35 years. Ejection fraction had a significant difference between the two groups (P< 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant difference between the two groups in interventricular septum and posterior wall in both end systolic and end diastolic phases(P < 0.05). Furthermore, LV mass index of the two groups had a significant difference (P < 0.001). The major parameters of the left ventricle, such as LV mass index and ejection fraction, in mild hypertensive participants were in a worse situation than the healthy group. Therefore, early diagnosis of hypertension in the healthy populations is recommended for avoiding irreversible left ventricular dysfunctions.

Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic Gram-negative pathogen with increasing relevance in a variety of hospital-acquired infections especially among intensive care unit patients. A. baumannii is mostly a cause of septicaemia, pneumonia and urinary tract infection following hospitalization of patients with more severe illnesses. Multidrug-resistant isolates of A. baumannii have been reported increasingly during the last decade, probably as a consequence of extensive use of antimicrobial agents. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from Intensive Care Units of Isfahan hospitals. In a period of one year (2009-2010) we examined 456 clinical specimens from patients in ICU departments for isolation of Acinetobacter baumannii. Then susceptibility of isolates toward antibiotics was determined by standard disk diffusion method. A total of 50 Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were cultured from urine, catheter wound, blood, and CSF. The antimicrobial patterns of isolates showed that 52% of isolates were resistant to Carbapenems (imipenem and meropenem), 66% to Ceftazidime, 64% to Amikacin, 72% to Ciprofloxacin, 90% to trimetoprim sulfametoxazol and 54% were resistant to Piperacillin-Tazobactam. 85% of isolates were resistant to two or more antibiotics. This study showed a high percentage of resistance to antimicrobial agents in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, therefore, strategies to control the spread of multidrug-resistant strains must be designed and evaluated. In addition, new treatment regimens are clearly necessary.

By considering the lack of awareness about the effect of sport on clotting factors and time of blood flow, the present study aims to determine the effect of 24 sessions of sub-maximal exercise on clotting factors and time of blood flow in male students of Malayer University. This is an applied research performed on 26 healthy students of Malayer University with the mean age of 19.23 ± 1.07 years, basic metabolism of 255 ± 7.8 kcal and BMI of 22.53 ± 5 kg/m2. The students were divided into control and experimental groups. In this research, the experimental group participated in 8 weeks of training program, 3 times a week with the intensity of 50-65 HRmax. The control group only performed their daily activities. The findings were studied by t-test, and the mean ± SD of the groups were analyzed. The findings of the current study showed that an exercise period of 24 sessions of sub-maximal exercise causes a significant increase in the amount of fibrinogen, the time of protorombin formation of blood, and also causes a significant reduction in the number of pleated cells, blood clotting time, and bleeding time in the exercise group in comparison to the control group (P ≤ 0.05). Results of the current research showed that 24 sessions of sub-maximal training did not have any negative effects on some blood clotting factors and time of blood flow.

One of the most common abnormalities in the female genital system, especially during the premenopausal period, is abnormal uterine bleeding caused by endometrial hyperplasia. Prevalence of endometrial hyperplasia is 5-20% with different risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), multiparity, nulliparity, advanced age, and estrogen consumption. A brief description of the prevalence, risk factors and treatment of different types of endometrial hyperplasia is given in this letter.