Iranian Journal of Health And Physical Activity
Volume:3 Issue: 2, 2012

The current study investigates the impact of Creatine monohydrate supplement as an ergogenic aid on speed and strength performances, as well as on the body composition of the soccer club players. 20 soccer club players were selected and then randomly categorized into two homogeneous groups, each consisting of 10 players. One group was considered as the placebo group (control group) and the other one as the consumer of Creatine supplement (empirical group). The performance of the participants was evaluated in a double blind study including sprinting (20-meter and 40-meter running courses, long-term running courses including 60-meter and 100-meter, and 30 frequent 5-second sprints with 10 seconds active rest between each two), and muscular strength in knee extension. The study lasted 7days (a seven-day daily consumption of 0.3 gram of dextrose for every kilogram of body weight in control group and the same amount of monohydrate Creatine by the empirical group.) The natural distribution of the variables was determined by Kolmogorov Smirnov test. Also, Pre-test and post-test results were analyzed using statistical paired T test (in each group) and independent T test (between two groups). In performance variables, as compared to equal basic state, there was a significant change in the Creatine supplement group, while no significant change was observed in the placebo group (P≥ 0.05). The observed changes occurred in the following variables: 20, 60, and 100 meter running courses (seconds) and 1RM knee extension (P≤ 0.001), 40-meter running course (seconds) (P≤ 0.02), and in the course the participants took in frequent speed performances (P≤0.03). However, the results of independent t test showed that there was no significant difference in the average distribution of these variables between Creatine and placebo groups. Discussion and The results revealed that short term Creatine consumption improved the performance of young soccer players in short term sprints (20 and 40 meters), long term sprints (60 and 100), the test evaluating the endurance performance of football players in frequent sprints (30 five-second sprints with a 10-second rest between each two sprints), and muscular strength in knee extension (P≤0.05).

Intrudaction: PYY (3-36) has an important role in satiety; reduce food intake and regulation of energy homeostasis. The aim of this study was to determine the small intestine and kidney PYY (3-36) relative gene expression in response to treadmill-running training in female rats. Twenty female wistarrats (6-8 weeks oldand 125-135 g weight) were used. Animals were randomly assigned into saline-control (SC), saline-training (ST), and Baneh-control (BC), and Baneh-training (BT). Training groups were given exercise on a motor-driven treadmill at 25 m/min (0% grade) for 60 min/dayand5 days/week for eight weeks. Subjects were fed orally, withBaneh extraction and saline for four weeks. PYY (3-36) relative gene expression was detected by Real-time PCR method. Results demonstrated that Baneh extraction significantly increases PYY (3-36) relative gene expression in small intestine (P < 0.013) and kidney (P < 0.025).Also exercise reduces PYY (3-36) relative gene expression in and kidney (P < 0.03). Discussion and Exercise training decreases PYY (3-36) relative gene expression in small intestine and kidney

Over 80% of people experience low back pain at least once in their life, which may turn into chronic low back pain over time. Since most of the patients tend to take non-aggressive and non-medicinal treatments with low health risks and complications, this study aims at investigating the effect of foot reflexology as a safe, refreshing treatment on the reduction of chronic low back pain. Previous studies by foreign scholars have confirmed that reflexology may reduce chronic low back pain; however, few domestic studies have examined this issue. Therefore, the main objective of the present study was to answer the question whether foot reflexology affects the reduction of chronic low back pain. The study takes on a practical and quasi-experimental design. The participants were 24 male patients with chronic low back pain as diagnosed by physicians and criteria of research. The subjects were randomly assigned into one of the two equal groups: people of experimental or control group. As a pre-test, Pain intensity using the VAS (visual analog scale) was measured and the reflexology on the experimental protocol was applied. While the treatment was being performed on the experimental group, the control group received no therapeutic treatment and were engaged in their routines. To process the raw data, SPSS software, version 18 was used. Subsequently, dependent t-test (inter-group comparison) and P- values were used to interpret the data and examine the significance of research hypotheses. Besides, one-way ANOVA and LSD test were used to compare the means of the groups. The findings of the study confirmed the efficacy of foot reflexology in reducing chronic low back pain (P

Visfatin is a newly discovered adipokine. Previous studies showed a direct relationship between plasma visfatin levels and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on plasma visfatin in type 2 diabetic men treated with metformin. Thirty-six men with type 2 diabetes who consumed metformin (age 46/08 ± 3/08 years, BMI 30/1± 2/32 kg/m2, mean ± SD) volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects were randomly assigned in 2 groups. 18 subjects were in the aerobic exercise group (3 days per week, 35 to 50 minutes per day, 40-55% heart rate reserve) and 18 subjects in the control group. Fasting Plasma visfatin, insulin and glucose concentrations were measured before and after 8 weeks exercise in patients with T2DM and data was analyzed using Repeated Measures (ANOVA) at a Significance level of (P

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders that are characterized by a decline in insulin secretion, insulin malfunction or both. Visfatin is a recently discovered protein that is expressed and secreted in visceral fat tissue. Elevated plasma visfatin levels have been reported in humans with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a single bout of aerobic exercise on visceral adipose tissue visfatin gene expression in a diabetic rat model. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) injection in a single dose administered to twenty male Wistar rats (6 – 8 weeks old, 165 ±5 grams weight). The rats were randomly divided into four groups, each comprising five rats; one control group and three exercise groups. The acute aerobic exercise bout required the three exercise groups to complete a single session of running for 50 minutes on a treadmill at a velocity of20m.min-1. Following the treadmill run, one of the exercise groups were anesthetized immediately after the exercise, the second one 4h -after exercise and the last group were anesthetized 24h post exercise. Tissue samples were collected immediately after the animals were anesthetized. To determine the relative levels of gene expression, semi-quantitative RT-PCR was performed. The results showed a significant increase in the expression of visfatin in the 4h and 24h post exercise groups compared with the control group (P

Obestatin is recently described as a gastrointestinal (GI) hormonal, which is involved in the pathophysiology of obesity. It decreases food intake and body weight by decelerating gastric emptying. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of a single circuit-resistance exercise and aerobic exercise on plasma obestatin and growth hormone (GH) in well-trained females. 24 participants from Khorasani female athletes were randomly selected and assigned into three groups: control (N=8), circuit-resistance exercise (RE) (N=8) and aerobic exercise (AE) (N=8). Blood samples were collected from all the participants before and immediately after the exercise protocol. Changes in plasma obestatin levels were not significant within and between groups. Plasma GH concentrations were significantly higher in experimental groups compared to the control group. Discussion and The data indicated that although circuit-resistance and aerobic exercise resulted in a significant change in GH levels, they had no effect on plasma obestatin levels.

In this study, the effects of dehydration (sauna) and diet (reduction of daily food intake) on selected physiological and biochemical factors were compared in two groups of wrestlers weighting between 65 -85 kgs who lost 4% of their weight using one of the mentioned methods. Factors measured in the pre- and post-test were: glucose, urea, cratinin, uric acid, cholesterol, Na, k, protein, cortisol, white and red cells, hemoglobin and hematocrite. This study is a semi-experimental research. The population of the study includes wrestlers of 65 to 85kgs from Razavi Khorason province who have wrestled for about 5 years. The participants were randomly divided into two experimental groups (10 dehydration and 10 diet). The diet group were on diet for 10 days to lose about 4 percent of their weight while the dehydration group went to sauna for 3 hours to lose the same amount of weight. Blood samples were taken before and after the weight loss. and were analyzed using the Auto Analyzer system. The statistical analysis (α=0.05) showed a significant decrease in cratinin, monocytes, eosinophiles and a significant increase in glucose, cholesterol, Na, k, cortisol, white and red cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit and nutrophiles of the dehydration group. In the diet group cratinin and eosinophiles had a significant decrease while urea, uric acid and protein had a significant increase. Discussion and According to the results and the background studies of this research, we may infer that losing weight through dehydration and diet may cause undesirable changes in physiological and biochemical factors of blood especially plasma volume decrease, blood density increase, and changes in ions, electrolytes and hemoglobin. Generally, according to the results of this research, long-term diet along with doing some exercise is recommended for weight loss.

Happiness was being called to function of a person in high level of emotion and behavioral adaptation, and not merely have no illness, and it has been reported as a personal trait that may cause positive copying and decrease of daily stress in persons. In this study, 490 high school boy students; (mean = 15.67, SD = ±0.99 years) in Shandiz city were randomly selected. After the complement of questionnaires including; individual characteristics, quality of regular doing physical activity and Happiness; Chi-Square test was used to determine relationship between quality of regular doing physical activity, and Oxford Happiness subscales consist of life-satisfaction, joy, self-esteem, calm, control and efficiency. Data were analyzed in significance level of P≤0.05. Results showed that 67.36% of students regularly were doing physical activity. A significant difference was observed between regular physical activity and happiness, generally, and self-esteem, calm and control subscales separately. Also significant difference was existed between number of physical activity a week with happiness, generally, and control subscale, separately. Discussion and Results showed that students who were regularly performed physical activity had more happiness. Thus, sport may be as an affected factor in increase of happiness among boy students in high school.