کاوش نامه ادبیات تطبیقی
پیاپی 3 (پاییز 1390)

There are so many methods, and approaches on explaining the identity of comparative literature and its foundations and its principles among researchers who are not the same. There are three schools in comparative literature (French, American and Russian) which are signs of non- convenience in explaining this identity. This study concerns philosophical principles (methodology in knowledge and knowing every knowledge), it examines three issues, subjects) and conclusion of humanistic knowledge. Besides, the relations between comparative literature and new criticism, inter-textuality, and the literary hypotheses are also considered in order to show the place of this knowledge among other knowledges.

The reason- based approaches originate from Iranian, cultural thoughts; because the same culture has approved reason as the cause of human's internal devils such as angry, ambition, envy.The same view abounded in Shahnameh Ferdowsi's shows the good deeds and their fine effects, he has appreciated them comparing with bad deeds.Hence, Ferdowsi has gave superior to God's worship than his messenger worship, on the contrary to knowledge- worship, there is no condition for knowledge-worship. In shahnameh, there are so many thoughtful sayings which Ferdowsi has narrated them by wisdom, wise man, or Iran's wisdom. It is important to notice Arabic sources abounding with Iranian sayings. It has been approved that most of these sayings originated from Iranian scientists.

Political, social and cultural conditions, in their time, together have been alike. They were disposed too love and drunkenness and pantheistic ideas of Ibn Al-Arabi. They have criticized the individual and society and have a way of blame, and … and these sympathies followed Hafiz exchanging ideas with Ibn Al-Farz on the intellectual-literally dimension.Including, as evidences show: Hafiz and Ibn Al-Farz have the worldview, mysticism and their individual and social behaviors were based on love and have spoken of constantly drinking. So that, in their belief love is – generally or specifically – main ontology origin and eschatology, anthropology and the biggest motivation for human excellence. So, in this paper, with an introduction about ways to connect Hafiz with Ibn Al-Farz, we have reviewed, descriptive – adaptive method, their views about the truth of love and drunkenness, the origin of intuitive and metaphysical love, qualities and commandments of love, the difficulties of love and their reasons values of love, love claims, signs of love, degrees of love the relationship between wisdom and love and love features. (Including drunkenness)

In Maghamat Al Tiour book, Sheikh Sanan tale is a branch in narration. Regarding A Tar’s method in narrating tale, it shows the connections among tale and human characters, and animal characters like those of Mantegh Al Teir.On the other hand, the tale resembles to the content of birds section in other language like that of seven spiritual researches.The same tale means Sheikh Sanan (Sana, Saman) has interconnected with Josef verse (both in form and content). It shows the physical and spiritual journey of Baghdad old Sheikh in seven dangerous lands of love, in order to assure the mysterious sayings of Atar in the birds section.This study is based on the theoretical, comparative literature, it shows bilateral relations between Sheikh Sanan’s tale and Quran (Josef messenger tale), birds tale and seven spiritual lands.

This paper evaluates two figures of the resistance in Iran's and Palestine's literature. The poems of this literature illustrate the blood-covered faces of the towns during war and aggressor's raids where the poet's inhabit. The authors of the article have tried to survey and deduct two poems of "Al-Sut Mauzal" by Moiin Basisu and "A poem for the war" by Gheysar Aminpur through a descriptive-comparative process. The poets of the both poems have described the faces of the cities where they live and portray two different illustrations of their people standing against the raiders. The first one portrays people who wage war because of defending their country and values while wearing the covered-in-blood shirt of martyrdom whereas the other one describes those who ignore the bitterly sarcastic events of the war and prefer to live the lives of hermits. In order to achieving the aims, the similarities and differences of the named poems in diction, rhythm and imagery are analyzed taking advantage of realism.

Religious literature is one of the most important branches in both Persian and Arabic literature that by using the rich resources of religion and belief is survival. Meanwhile, important and historical event of Ghadir and the province of Imam Ali (AS) are the most important sources of inspiration, not only great Arab poets like Hssan ben Sabet, Komayt Zaid Asadi, De’bl Khozaei and Bules Salamah, but the Persian poets testified authenticity and legitimacy to these boiling fountains and by writing rich and splendid ode of Ghadir, have adorned their works with it.Considering the importance of religious and historical this event and efforts of Arab and Persian poets to this story, and by considering the multitude of poet’s odes in this issue, we decided to comparative analysis of Ghadiriyat of two Iranian and Arab poets, Mohammah Hosein Shahriar and Bules Salamah, study the similarities and differences in their Ghadiriyat. It is considered that the similarity of these two poems is in processing method of Topic, their approaches to this historical case, accurate look and description, and employing rhetorical expression, besides the unique differences are the main results of this study. Given the importance of this issue in the history and literature, it seems very necessary to study the different ways of efforts this issue and compare Ghadiriyat of Persian and Arabic’s poet.

Some of sociologist critics believe literature is influenced by an important phenomena called “the spirit of time” and “the spirit of race. The spirit of time in the same study is reflection of Baghdad’s and Ghartabeh’s mourning, the quality, and the quantity. The spirit of race also means the dominating, religious conditions, the natural and geographical situations. Both the spirit of time and race have played an important role in the mourning of two cities, their mourning are also different. The spirit of time concerns the comparison of those poems which have composed both-before and after two cities fall. Their effects are also the same, because they have described both beauties before fall and grief and destruction after fall.