فصلنامه دانش حسابداری مالی
سال دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 0، بهار 1391)

The purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of product market competition on the stock return of listed companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange. To achieve this aim, Herfindal-Hirshman index, Lerner index and modified Lerner index was considered as measures of competition. The data sample is restricted to 87 companies during 8 years recent period from 1381 to 1388. The results of hypothesis testing using panel data regression indicate that there is a negative relationship between Herfindal-Hirshman index and stock return of the examined companies even after controlling for potential confounding effects. However, this relationship is not significant. Furthermore, there is a significant negative relationship between Lerner index and stock return. The relationship between modified Lerner index and stock return is also significantly negative. Overall, our findings show that the more competition, the more is the stock return. This is consistent with creative destruction hypothesis and barriers-to-entry hypothesis indicating that the competitive industries would earn higher stock returns.

The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of individual characteristics (Such as gender, profession, education level and experience) in nomination the importance of fraud risk substrates. To achieve this goal, the auditors opinion was asked about the importance of fraud risk substrates, mentioned in the auditing standard No. 24. Data collection tools were questionnaires that confirm its validity and reliability. Results showed that the type of sex, profession, education level and experience of auditors have little significance in nomination the importance of fraud risk substrates. In addition, this study examined the impact of individual characteristics in nomination the importance of each group of fraud risk substrates (Such as management characteristics and their influences on a control environmental, the position of industry, operational characteristics a financial stability and abuse of assets). The results showed only type of gender has a significant effect in nomination the importance of groups; management characteristics and their influences on a control environmental and operational characteristic a financial stability. But the profession, education level and experience do not have a significant effect in nomination the importance of fraud risk substrates of each four group.

In this research, we review the amount of information technology (IT) use in order to present accounting reports for decision makings by the managers. In this assessment, we will use statistical correlation and regression to discuss this issue. We will investigate about the amount of technology use by the managers in their companies and also about the existence of a meaningful relationship between the accounting reports presented to the managers to make decisions and using information technology. Thus, the research sample for this paper was selected randomly from among managers of firms accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. The results showed a meaningful relationship between using information technology and presenting accounting reports in manager's decision-makings.

Ethics in accounting have considerable importance because, like other disciplines in this field have certain moral obligations is as the "Rules of professional behavior". Given that many areas of accounting have need of moral judgment, including discussion of earnings management. The aims of this study the role of moral judgment in earnings management. Therefore, 250 questionnaires among students accounting, management and Economic among public universities across the country’s economy are based on the polarization of the Senjesh Organization is announced. Also we used descriptive statistical methods to set the data in frequency tables, charts and calculate the Indicators Central and distributive. Results show significant differences at the 95% confidence level between intent and materiality of earnings management exists. As well as notable difference between discipline and gender in terms of impact on student's moral judgment has not been observed.

Cash, including the company's most vital assets. The amount of cash held and assessing stock portfolio returns of companies, issues of interest to investors, creditors and financial analysts. This paper seeks to investigate the effect of cash held by the company on Stock Portfolio Returns. In order to achieve the research objectives, 169 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 1381 to 1388 were completed. In this study, the calculation of cash held by multiple regression analysis (cross sectional) and to evaluate the stock portfolio returns of companies, the Sharpe index, and to test the research hypothesis, Comparison of means test is used. Then, All observations are based on the amount of cash held regularly and are divided into five categories, so that gradually at the end of the first classes, cash held increases. The results show that the average stock portfolio returns of upper levels is significantly higher than those lower levels.

Income smoothing theory, firms that have Continued profitability and profitability shocks governs the process is less, usually more valuable than other firms in their market. Smoothing of the attraction for investors in the short term is and companies have more variability in cash flows, profits have been unstable, so the more the ultimate benefit of the smoothing benefit and the Management will also benefit from the output process. With this importance, the paper reviews the relationship between cash flow volatility and earnings smoothing board is rewarded. Subject to review, data from 109 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange in a 5-year period (1385 till 1389) has been analyzed. Research hypotheses using multiple regression model, least squares method was examined. Based on finding, the relation between arbitrary accrued items (as index for income management) with paid directors in companies with high cash fluctuations have been more than another similar companies. I was also proved that the paid to board directors for income smoothing.

According to accounting standards, setters view point, the main purpose of accounting is to provide useful information to investors and other users to adopt the financial and economic decisions. This goal will be realized when the reliable information and relevance provide to decision makers prepared by the accounting system and to assessment opportunities for investment. Preparation and presentation of such information requires development and implementation of better standards and criteria, detailed in the implementation stage. This study examines the impact of development and implementation of these standards on qualities characteristic of accounting information relevance in time period of eight years (1376 to 1383 that four years ago and four years after entry of the standards is considered). Research sample includes123 companies independent variable, stock market value dependent variables, net income, stock book value and operating cash flow (As a proxy for financial statements).Which distinguishes this study with other domestic research, using panel data and measures the effect of changing variables along with operational cash net income and stock book value. This study concludes the improvement of the qualities characteristic of accounting information relevance after implementing national accounting standards.