Iranian Journal of science and Technology (A: Siences)
Volume:36 Issue: 4, Autumn 2012

In this paper, we shall define and study the concept of  -statistical convergence and  -statistical Cauchy in random 2-normed space. We also introduce the concept of  -statistical completeness which would provide a more general frame work to study the completeness in random 2-normed space. Furthermore, we also prove some new results.

This paper deals with the behavior at infinity of solutions to a class of wave equations with nonlinear damping terms defined in a semi-infinite cylinder. The spatial behavior of solutions is studied and an alternative of Phragmén-Lindelöf type theorems is obtained in the results. The main point in the contribution is the use of energy method.

This paper studies the perturbed Klein-Gordon equation by the aid of several methods of integrability. There are six forms of nonlinearity that are considered in this paper. The parameter domains are thus identified.

In this paper, using the tools involving measures of noncompactness and Darbo fixed point theorem for condensing operator, we study the existence of solutions for a large class of generalized nonlinear quadratic functional integral equations. Also, we show that solutions of these integral equations are locally attractive. Furthermore, we present an example to show the efficiency and usefulness of our results.

We prove that the limit of a sequence of Pettis integrable bounded scalarly measurable weak random elements, of finite weak norm, with values in the dual of a non-separable Banach space is Pettis integrable. Then we provide basic properties for the Pettis conditional expectation, and prove that it is continuous. Calculus of Pettis conditional expectations in general is very different from the calculus of Bochner conditional expectations due to the lack of strong measurability and separability. In two examples, we derive the Pettis conditional expectations.

The concept of fuzzy soft Γ-ring is introduced; and some properties of fuzzy soft Γ-rings are given. Then the definitions of fuzzy soft Γ-ideals are proposed and some of their theories are considered.

Considered to be the cleanest liquid fuel, bioethanol can be a reliable alternative to fossil fuels. It is produced by fermentation of sugar components of plant materials. The common onions are considered to be a favorable source of fermentation products as they have high sugar contents as well as contain various nutrients.This study focused on the effective production of ethanol from an endemic Iranian white onion (Allium cepa L., Dorche cultivar) by the yeast “Saccharomyces cerevisiae” in repeated batch. The results showed that the total sugar concentration of onion juice was77.3 g/l. The maximum rate of productivity, ethanol yield and final bioethanol percentage was 8 g/l/h (g ethanol per liter of onion juice per hour), 40 g/l (g ethanol per liter of onion juice and 93 %, respectively.

Zirconium dioxide, commonly known as zirconia, is an interesting material and is receiving growing attention due to its excellent mechanical properties. The solid was characterized for surface area measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray diffractometry (EDX) and potentiometric titrations. Surface titrations were carried out at the temperature range 303 to 323K in the presence of different concentrations (0.1, 0.01 and 0.001mol/dm3) of NaNO3 as a background electrolyte. Surface charge density and point of zero charge (PZC) of ZrO2 were determined from the titration data. Salt addition method was also applied to measure the PZC of the solid. The surface charge densities of ZrO2 were observed to increase with increase in temperature but decrease while increasing the concentration of electrolyte. Further, the PZC was found to decrease with the rise intemperature. However, it was found to increase with increase in concentration of the background electrolyte. The thermodynamic parameters such as ΔH and ΔS were also determined from the slope and intercept of the linear plot of (pHpzc - ½ pKw) versus reciprocal temperature (1/T). The values of both the ΔH and ΔS were found to be negative, while that of ΔG were positive. From these thermodynamic parameters, it was suggested that the protonation / de-protonation process of ZrO2 is non-spontaneous.

The normal and lateral line cycloid scales of the native species Garra rossica (Nikol’skii, 1900), one of the most common and poorly known cyprinid fish in south-eastern Iran have been subjected to the scanning electron microscopy technique in order to study their detailed structure. Normal scale below the dorsal fin showed a clearcut demonstration between the anterior and posterior region with the focus lying towards the anterior region that is covered by reticulate or honeycomb form structures with few mucous pores. There is a wedge shaped circuli only in the anterior and lateral fields which are partitioned by deep and narrow grooves called radii and run radially towards the focus. On the dorsal side, the anterior circuli bear numerous pointed lepidonts. In the posterior section, the scale has several rows of pigmented granules (tubercles) with different shapes from round to oval, semi-oval and even oblong structure. The lateral line scale has a canal which characteristically lies along the anteriorposterior axis, with a wider anterior opening than the posterior opening which is hidden by an eyelike extension cantilevered over it. Although the scale of G. rossica shows the general structure of a cycloid cyprinid scale, the shape and size of lepidonts on the circuli crest, shape and size of tubercles on the posterior region and the pattern of reticulate or honeycomb that form structures in the focus region may provide more reliable taxonomic tools. The present analysis of scale morphology in G. rossica may be used in combination with other morphological and molecular data in a synergic approach to the phylogenetic and systematic study of the genus.

In this review the role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in mammalian cerebral cortex development has been highlighted. Many studies have focused on the potential role of the CSF in the developmental process. In particular, the cerebral cortex develops from the germinal epithelium adjacent to the CSF. CSF contains proteins, growth factors and other neurotrophic factors which are important for neural cell survival and proliferation. The concentration of protein present in CSF during development is much higher than in adult. Draining CSF from the ventricles of the brain during development increases the number of neural cell deaths and decreases neural cell proliferation and thus thinning of the cerebral cortex. It has been shown that infusion of anti-nerve growth factor antibody into the CSF leads to decreased cell production in the cerebral cortical germinal epithelium. It has also been shown that CSF nerve growth factor (NGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentration change during chick embryonic development. Recent evidence shows that CSF regulates relevant aspects of neuroepithelial behavior such as proliferation, survival and migration by means of growth factors, cytokines and morphogenes. According to the data presented here, it is concluded that CSF may be regarded as an important environmental influence in cerebral cortical development.

In this study, a new array of meteorological elements and a synoptic climatologic classification to produce a baseline climate and to derive meteorological factors that are effective on air pollution in Tehran, which is located in a semi-enclosed basin was developed. The data set includes daily sea-level pressure and 500mb geopotential height fields from NCEP-NCAR and Tehran upper air sounding data at 00:00UTC for six months (July- December) of every year in the period 2001-2006. The classification is done through the principal component analysis (PCA) of data from the upper-air station. The results show that three meteorological factors are effective on variations of the Carbon Monoxide (CO) concentrations in the complicated terrain of Tehran basin. Thicknessvariations of different pressure layers (especially 850mb-700mb), Total totals index (TT) and surface wind speed are the most important dependent variables of these factors. Examination of the Carbon Monoxide (CO) pollution levels in Tehran, where emission sources are high shows that the synoptic classification identifies the patterns that are conducive to high pollution and those that are conducive to low pollutants build up in the basin. The synoptic climatology of events associated with five categories of CO concentrations show the role of synoptic forcings on decreasing CO concentrations. On the other hand, the role of high and thermal low pressure patterns in producing sever polluted episodes in the basin is also shown. These events occurred exclusively under special synoptic situations with high pressure developing on the airflow entrance of the basin and a thermal low pressure on the leeward side of the mountainous region. The coupled pressure system inducing horizontal pressure gradient produces a low level southerly cross wind toward the mountain barrier.

In the present work, the electronic properties of titanium were studied in three phases of α, β and ω using the Density Function Theory (DFT). The full potential augmented plane wave plus local orbital (FLAPW+lo) method was applied using the generalized gradient approximation. The calculated total energies showed that omega phasewas more stable than the two other phases. The largest electrical conductance was related to the β phase. These results were in good agreement with the findings of the previous works. In addition, these results showed that an increase in volume would lead to a decrease in energy; thus, causing an increase in the electrical conduction.