نشریه تحقیقات دامپزشکی و فرآورده های بیولوژیک
سال بیست و پنجم شماره 2 (پیاپی 95، تابستان 1391)

The ion_ osmoregulation and salinity tolerance capabilities of juvenile Acipenser persicus of different age and size groups with 90 fry for each treatment in freshwater (FW: < 0. 5 ‰)، estuary water (EW: 9. 5 ‰) and the Caspian Sea water (CSW: 12. 5 ‰) were investigated. The fishes are directly transferred from FW to EW and CSW. The possible repercussions of ion_osmoregulatory processes on some classical indicators were examined at the end of 168 hours fish acclimation. Mortality was observed in different groups in CSW. The levels of osmolarity and ion concentration (Na+، K+، Ca+2 and Mg+2) in the plasma were determined. The trend of increasing levels of ion and osmolarity were observed at higher salinity in each group (p<0. 05). The functional levels of the mechanism of osmotic and ionic homeostasis were similar in different groups but differed in experimental media (p<0. 05). Significant differences were observed between the levels of plasma Na+ concentration in different groups in EW and CSW media (p<0. 05). Plasma Na+ and Ca+2 concentrations were higher than those of FW and EW media، but lower than in CSW media. However osmolarity and ion concentration values did not return to initial values (p<0. 05)، showing that osmoregulatory processes caused physiological changes in this species.

Honey is the natural sweet substance produced by honey bees from nectar of plants or from secrerations of living parts of plants or excretions of plants sucking insects on the living pans of plants. Physico-chemical properties of honeys in each region are related to kind of plant and flower. Therefore، knowing of component is very important. In this study thirty samples of honey were collected from stores that located in Tehran City. Honey samples were sent to the food chemistry laboratory. Then، some physico-chemical parameters such as humidity percent، specific gravity of twenty percent honey solution، solid matter، acidity، pH، ash، reducing sugars، and non reducing sugars، existence or none existence of hydroxy methyl furfural (HMF) and diastase enzyme، were determined The results were showed that humidity percent، specific weight of twenty percent solution، solid matter، acidity، pH، ash، reducing sugars، and non reducing sugars were 15. 7%، 1. 32، 84%،16. 80 meq/kg، 3. 84، 0. 42 %، 66. 54%، and 4. 38%، respectively. The 3. 3% of the samples were positive HMF and 76. 7% were negative diastase activity. It was concluded that the most parameters for quality control of honey samples are located in desirable range.

Abomasal ulcer is one of the main gastrointestinal diseases among ruminants in which characterized clinically by hemorrhagia، melena، acute diffuse peritonitis، death and subclinically by indigestion and mild hemorrhagic form. The subclinical form is diagnosed in autopsy or abattoir and more current than clinical form. To determine the types، age and sex distribution of subclinical abomasal ulcer، 258 buffaloes (113 males، 145 females) were selected in Urmia abattoir. Overall، 89 (34. 5%) buffaloes including 26 from 113 males and 63 from 145 females showed ulcer in that it was not significantly differences. The percentage of age distribution in abomasal ulcers with 1،2،3،4 and over 4 years was 9%، 5. 3%، 30. 3، 25. 8 and 29. 2%، respectively. Abomasal ulcers increase significantly by age of animals (P<0. 01). The number of buffaloes showed more than one type of ulcer was 1، 8 and 8 animals، in that they were 3، 4 and over 4 years old، respectively. The age distribution of ulcers among males were 3. 3%، 2. 3%، 10. 1%،5. 6% and 7. 9% and among females were 5. 6%، 3. 3%، 14. 7%، 20. 2% and 21. 4%، respectively (P<0. 01). The results of different types of ulcer in each animal showed that 72 (80. 9%) with one type، 14 (15. 7%) with two and 3 (3. 4%) buffaloes with three types of ulcer in abomasum. The sex percentages of types 1 to 4 were 31. 1% (13 males، 20 females)، 36. 8% (13 males، 28 females)، 31. 1% (4 males، 30 females) and 0. 94%، respectively. The maturity of ulcers was observed in the body and least was the pyloric form. The histopathological findings confirmed all macroscopic lesions in abomasum. Type 1 was accompanied by cystic form of abomasal crypts. In type 2 a slight serofibrinos and destruction of abomasal crypt was observed. In type 3 a copious serofibrin around the ulcer and complete destruction of abomasal crypts was seen. Type 4 was accompanied by granules in connective tissue، recovered connective tissue، necrosis، new blood vessels formation and thrombosis. In conclusion، nearly 35% or one from 3 bufalloes revealed at least one type of ulcer in abomasum. Sex difference was not found but abomasal ulcers and their different types increase by the age of animal. The subclinical types of abomasal ulcers were exist up to type 3، whilst type 4 was clinical form and rarely appears in the abattoir.

The amounts of liver dry matter، liver fat and fat in liver dry matter based on age and sex of animals together with the concentrations of glucose، beta hydroxyl butyrate (BHB)، urea، triglycerides (TG)، calcium، magnesium and phosphorus in order to determination of probable subclinical liver lipidosis were investigated in 114 cows including 41 non-pregnant، 7 pregnant، 18 heifers and 48 bulls. The breed of cows was from Holstein and the body condition scores were average moderate. A 5 ml blood and 10 gram liver were prepared during the slaughtering of cows. The fat content of all the liver samples was estimated by an extraction method (Soxhlet). Blood biochemical parameters were evaluated by the current laboratory methods. Mean percentage of liver dry matter for overall was 29. 7%، liver fat was 1. 1 mg/gram liver and percentage of fat in liver dry matter was 3. 67%. There were no age and sex differences between parameters. Mean blood biochemical values between male and female calves were not significant، thus، by combinations of results the overall mean for glucose، urea، TG، calcium، magnesium، phosphorus، and BHB were 49. 4، 27. 1، 38. 1، 9. 18، 2. 92، 4. 8mg/dl and 0. 53 mmol/l، respectively. The values were all at the recommended references for parameters. Age differences for the fat content of liver and blood parameters were also showed not significant among them. Correlation between liver fat and blood biochemical parameters were also revealed no significant correlations between them، while significant positive correlations were observed among blood macro-minerals and glucose/triglycerides. Thus، it can be concluded that in the absence of subclinical liver lipidosis there is no correlations between liver fat and or blood biochemical parameters in cows.

Currently، the scientific output indexed in databases such as ISI’s prestigious of the major criteria for evaluation and ranking of countries، researchers، institutes and universities in the world. Each country’s share in world scientific output in general and specifically in the area، will be calculated accordingly. Therefore، determination of the rate of growth and Iranian authors of articles in the ISI database in the field of veterinary aspects of distribution and growth in different years، the average citation per paper in comparison with the Iranian and world average، co-authorship، the most cited papers، the most prolific authors، the most prolific Iranian universities and institutions، are the main objectives of the study. The study area is scientometrics and the necessity of the survey methods and citation analysis has been used. Findings show that a total of 1778 articles of Iranian writers from 1973 to the end of 2010 in the veterinary field have been entered into databases ISI Web of Science. According to the results، the number of articles has been high in recent years، most of the papers in English; Most collaboration of Iranian authors has been done with their counterparts from England; Veterinary articles has had the most interaction with the field animal husbandry; The average citation per paper in the field of veterinary is very lower than of the Iranian and global average; Tehran University is the most prolific university; The costs of 13. 5% articles by Iranian and foreign universities and institutes are provided.

The proteins in fish، as well as other aquatic animals has nowadays become an important and complete protein sources in many people’s diets around the world and as a results، there has been a growing interest to protect and ensure the health of this important food source. Heavy metals due to their specific physical and chemical characteristics as well as their effects on various ecosystems are considered as a major contaminator of marine environments. Therefore determining the level of heavy metals in water and aquatic species، as a link in the food chain of human beings، is of a great importance. In this study، levels of some heavy metals were evaluated، using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy technique، in tissues of two commonly consumed fish in Iran namely Rutilus frisii kutum and Cyprinus carpio collected from the coastal waters of the Mazandaran Province، Caspian Sea. The average concentration of Ni and Cr were detected as (μg g-1) dry weight of Rutilus frisii kutum’s tissues: 1. 68 0. 28 and 0. 65 0. 12 (Mean Standard Error) respectively. These values for Cyprinus carpio were detected as: 1. 47 0. 22 and 0. 74 0. 19 (Mean Standard Error). These values were compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) safety reference standard regarding the amount of the above mentioned heavy metals in fish’s tissues. These values were compared with the WHO safety standards regarding the amount of the above mentioned heavy metals in fish tissues. Based on the results of this study، the concentration of Ni and Cr in the studied fish tissues proved to be much higher than international standards with a reliability of P<0. 05. The results show that the pollution in the water of this region are because of these heavy metals.

Organochlorine compounds such as، polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides are among the best known classes of contaminants because of their potential for magnification and harmful biological effects. In this study، the amounts of organochlorine pesticides including D. D. T and its metabolites، α، β and γ-HCHs isomers، Σcyclodiene (Endosulfan، heptachlor، heotachlor epoxide، aldrine and dieldrine) together with polychlorinated biphenyls congeners (28، 52، 101، 118، 138، 152 and 180) were determined in the three fish species (Esox lucius، Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus) in Anzali wetland in two seasons (winter and spring). The results indicated that contaminant concentrations generally followed the order: D. D. T > Σcyclodiene > HCHs > PCBs. β-HCH، Endosulfan and p،p/-DDE were the most abundant OCPs while PCB-153 were predominantin in PCB congeners in three species. In samples of both seasons OCPs (agricultural pesticides) concentrations were higher than PCBs (industrial poisons). Moreover in spring samples the mean OCPs and PCBs concentrations were higher than in winter.