Iranian Journal Of Pathology
Volume:8 Issue: 1, Winter 2013

In spite of intensive worldwide efforts to reduce its transmission، malaria remains the most serious and widespread protozoal infection of humans. This study has been performed to evaluate various hematological alterations in patients infected with malaria and to add more detailed information، especially from these highly affected zones. A two-year، hospital-based study was conducted and hematologic profiles of 200 persons infected with malaria (Plasmodium vivax or P. falciparum) infection were examined and the results were compared with standard normal values. One-hundred-ninety-six patients were infected with P. vivax، three with P. falciparum، and one with both. Patients with parasitemia tended to have significantly lower platelets، hemoglobin، white blood cell and red blood cell counts، blood indices and hematocrit than normal. Thrombocytopenia is identified as a key indicator of malaria in these febrile patients. Anemia and thrombocytopenia are the classical changes. Changes in the white blood cells are less dramatic، may vary due to variable size and type of cases، variability of the species، and geographical differences.

Endocrine hormones، through their anabolic or catabolic function، contribute in body homeostasis. They can be used to assess the physical performance in athletes. This study was performed to determine the resistance training (RT) influences on serum cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone in trained young females. The study population consisted of 36 women (20-25 years) divided into 2 experimental groups (A، B) and control group (C). Experimental groups were scheduled to do 8-week incremental RT program، intermittently (A) or continuously (B)، through alterations in the prescribed training velocity. Two days before starting and after ending of program، in a testing session of RT with the intensity of 20% one repetition maximum strength، blood samples for measuring cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone were obtained (a pre-post test design). The SPSS version 16 was used for statistical analyses. Serum cortisol of experimental groups showed significant decline (P=0. 002 in each group) without significant difference between two groups، while، DHEA and DHEA/Cortisol ratio had significant increase (all P =0. 001) with no significant difference between two groups at both stages. With considering the role of RT in establishing an anabolic status following exercise، it seems that young women can use different types of RT to improve their physical performance. This conclusion needs more researches regarding RT.

Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in the world among women. Human papilloma virus (HPV) plays a major role in its development. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of HPV type 16 and 18 in cervical discharge by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method in women with atypical biopsy or Pap smear. This case- control study was performed on women in Yahyanejad Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran during 2008-2009. Sixty women with normal Pap smear (group1) and 30 with atypical Pap smear or biopsy (group 2) were enrolled in the study and their cervical discharge was assessed for HPV type 16 and 18. Data were analyzed with SPSS, Chi-Square, Fisher,s Exact test and t-test and P<0.05 was considered significant. HPV type 16 was found in 10% women of group 2 but not seen in group1. HPV 18 was not detected. All women had one partner and none of them had alcohol consumption. In comparison with other studies, the frequency of HPV infection was lower in our study. We considered this is strongly related to our culture and religious beliefs.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the main problems in health systems in the world. Diabetic Foot infection (DFI) is one of the main complications and the most cause of non-traumatic lower limb amputation. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of bacteria involved in DFI and their antibiotic resistance in patients with DFI diagnosis. This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was designed from 2007 to 2010 on 90 patients in Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital، Tehran، Iran. For bacteriological analysis، all wound samples culture grown by standard methods of bacteriology and disk diffusion method was used for antibiogram. Patient’s clinical and epidemiologic data were collected from recorded file. The data were analyzed using SPSS16 statistical software. Totally، 104 bacteria were isolated from 90 patients. 57. 70% were Gram-positive and 42. 30% were Gram-negative. Among Gram-positive bacteria، Staphylococcus aureus (60%) and Enteroccoci spp. (33. 3%) and among gram-negative bacteria E. coli (47. 73%)، Pseudomonas aroginosa (22. 73%) and Proteus spp. (18. 18%) were the most common isolates respectively. Of isolates 75% were resistant to two antibiotics or more. Previous antibiotic therapy was significant risk factor for multidrug resistant (MDR) infections (P: 0. 003). All Gram-positive isolates were sensitive to vancomycin، imipenem and amikacin had good activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Infection with MDR bacteria in patients with diabetic foot ulcers is high and has significant association with recent antibiotic therapy. So the proper use of antibiotics in order to prevent the creation of multi-drug resistant bacteria is recommended.

Anaplastic lymphoma Kinase (ALK) is a tyrosine kinase receptor involved in the genesis of several human cancers. We aimed to examine ALK expression in different types of breast cancers and its relationship with tumor grade، tumor size، presence of necrosis، vascular invasion، skin involvement and lymph node metastasis. We examined a number of human breast cancers to see if ALK is expressed in this tumor and studied its relation with type of carcinoma and its grade، tumor size، presence of necrosis، vascular invasion، skin involvement، lymph node metastasis and patient’s age. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 15. 0. Totally، 100 patients were enrolled with mean age of 50. 2 ± 12. 5 yr. The histological phenotypes of the breast cancers studied included invasive ductal carcinoma، invasive lobular carcinoma and medullary carcinoma. ALK expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry which was positive in 47 cases (47%). No statistically significant relationship was found between the above mentioned parameters except for tumor size and ALK expression. Anti-ALK protein drugs can be considered as a new therapeutic approach for breast cancer.

The presence of E. coli in fish intended for human consumption may constitute a potential danger، not only on causing disease، but also because of the possible transfer of antibiotic resistance from aquatic bacteria to those infecting humans. The objective of this study was to develop an improved PCR method based on species – specific 16 S rRNA gene primers (FES، RES) for detection of E. coli from agar plates and fish tissues. For the rapid detection of E. coli from fish، a set of primers (FES، RES)، targeting 16S rRNA gene sequences of the specific microorganism was designed، and fifty two rainbow trout were obtained. Then 1mL of bacterial concentration of 106 CFU/ml was injected into intraperitoneal cavity. Samples were collected from liver and kidney after 48h injection. The PCR reaction conditions were optimized to permit detection of organism from agar plates and fish tissue in a day. All tissue samples were positive for microbiological and PCR identification. DNA was successfully extracted by a boiled – extraction method or by phenol – chloroform – isoamyl alcohol. The BLAST analysis from sequencing of 4 amplicons randomly selected showed similar results، with the match being E. coli with a 100% similarity. This method is fast، specific and sensitive to detect E. coli in infected and asymptomatic animals، fish product، and may have a positive impact on public and environmental health.

Hamartomatous polyps of the palatine tonsil are very rare. They have been variously termed as a lymphangiectatic fibrous polyp, lipoma, pedunculated tonsil etc. in the English literature. We present here a case of hamartomatous polyp of the tonsil occurring in a 32-year-old male who presented with bilateral enlarged palatine tonsils with recurrent tonsillitis. Surgical excision showed two pale brown nodular tissue bits, larger measuring 4×3×1 cm and smaller measuring 3.5×2.5×1.5 cm. An irregular pedunculated polypoidal tissue measuring 1.5×1×0.8 cm was seen attached to the smaller mass, the cut surface of which showed pale white, lobulated areas. On histological examination, the polyp showed lining by stratified squamous epithelium and was composed of fibrocollagenous stroma with many dilated blood vessels, adipocytes, subepithelial lymphoid aggregates and benign mucinous glands suggestive of a hamartomatous polyp. Both tonsils showed features of chronic tonsillitis.

Lymphoepithelial cyst of oral cavity is a rare cystic lesion that presents as an asymptomatic submucosal mass and is usually discovered during routine dental examinations. The site most commonly affected is floor of the mouth but tonsillar involvement seems to be very rare. Multiple lymphoepithelial cysts have been reported in parotid of HIV positive patients however in oral cavity they usually present as solitary lesions. We report a case of multiple bilateral lymphoepithelial cysts of the palatine tonsils in a 72 years old male that presents with fever, pain and obstructive sleep apnea. We did not find any bilateral or multiple tonsillar lymphoepiyhelial cysts in the literature and the present paper seems to be the first report. We suggest although lymphoepithelial cysts rarely occur in the tonsils but they should be considered in differential diagnosis of adenotonsillar enlargement and related obstructive sleep apnea.

Splenogonadal fusion is a rare entity with approximately 150 reported cases until the year 2005. The entity is a rare congenital anomaly in which there is fusion of splenic and gonadal anlagen or mesonephric derivatives. Splenogonadal fusion has two continuous and discontinuous types. About ten cases have been reported in association with bilateral cryptorchidism. Very few cases have been diagnosed preoperatively. Many cases present as a testicular swelling and undergo an unnecessary orchiectomy with the suspicion of a testicular neoplasm. Herein, we report a new case of discontinuous splenogonadal fusion in a 29 year old man with bilateral cryptorchidism who underwent surgery. Surprisingly two masses were noted adjacent to undescendent testis in left groin in operative room which were resected and proved to be a new case of splenogonadal fusion in histological exam.

Superficial acral fibromyxoma (SAFM) are rare soft tissue tumors predominantly involving hands and feet of adults. There are only a few reported cases of this benign neoplasm, but no fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) diagnosis of this tumor is reported in the literature. A 48 year old female presented with a 5 × 3.5 cm globular, firm swelling over the right fifth toe. FNAC of the lesion was interpretated as superficial acral fibromyxoma. Subsequent histopathology confirmed the diagnosis and demonstrated cytohistological correlation for the first reported time in the literature. SAFM may recur if not adequately excised. Preoperative FNAC diagnosis will help the surgeons to plan for wider excision to prevent recurrence.

Endometrial stromal sarcoma represents a very rare pathological entity occurring as a malignant disease in women genital sphere, frequently in the age group of 40-50 years. Low grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LGESS) is a rare uterine sarcoma constituting 0.2% of all the uterine malignancies with a good prognosis despite a tendency to recur. We report a case of 42 yr old woman presented with menorrhagia, dysmenorrhoea, anemia and rapidly enlarging mass in uterus clinically diagnosed as leiomyoma, underwent a hysterectomy. Histological examination revealed cells with ovoid to short, spindle shaped nuclei resembling endometrial stromal cells proliferating in a space occupying manner and compressing and partially infiltrating the myometrium, rendered the diagnosis of LGESS. Our case emphasizes the inevitability for high index of skepticism and proper preoperative diagnosis in this rare tumor.