مجله زبان و ادبیات عربی
سال چهارم شماره 2 (پیاپی 7، پاییز و زمستان 1391)

Postmodernism is of the third period of human’s thought eras. During this era which spans the end of the nineteenth century to the present time, “creation “of the real replaces its “discovery”. This stream is the extremist form of modernism. It has some specific qualities such as irony and mixture of popular art and formal art. This essay aims to analyze one of Arabic modern texts named “Collage” by Samih al-Qasim the Palestinian poet, and to display the characteristics of postmodernism in its form and content. This text, however, like any other postmodern text cannot be easily understood and the characters of time and place and other elements described in it are not prone to an exact understanding. “College” is an ambiguous text, since it utilizes several literary genres and blends heterogeneous texts and far distant places and times. Furthermore the formal features of postmodernism make the ode “Collage” more difficult to grasping and apprehension. Instead, it is qualified for multiple readings.

Rabi Jabir is the great Lebanese author, novelist and journalist, whose novels have been translated to many languages, including French and German. This paper aims to define the creative aspects of his works. Starting with a summary of his life, it goes through the study of seven novels of Jabir’s works, including Black Tea, The Blue Moth, The Last House, Ralph Rizqallah in the Looking-Glass, The Mehlis’Report, Confessions and Byretus Underground City. The first section of the article entitled Language and Reality, reviews the aspects of «postmodernism» and the language games and the elements of metafiction in these works. In the second section, -Designing New Point of View- the innovations in this field -including the dead narrator and the audience narrator- are studied. In the third section, entitled Intertextuality, the textual links between the great novelists’-e. g. Franz Kafka- and Jabir’s works are pointed out. End up in the fourth section- Postcolonial Viewpoints- Homi Bhabha’s «post-colonial» theories are applied to Rabi jabir’s novel The Blue Moth.

In Arabic grammar, adjective is one of the five syntactic appositives and thus follows the features and rules of syntactic apposition. Usually, there is a main principle on which a consensus of the authentic references is recorded, while the minor rules and secondary regulations might vary in different grammar books. This paper aims at representing Ibn Ya’ish ‘s viewpoints on adjective and substantive as explained in his work “Commentary on Mofassal “and comparing them with other grammarians’ ideas on the same field. “Commentary on Mofassal “contains a detailed description of Zamakhshari ‘s work which is considered one of the most significant books composed in syntax and rhetoric after Sibwaih ‘s al-Kitab. This is why this paper is dedicated to this issue. It comes to the conclusion that only the subordinate principles might differ in this piece of work according to its author ‘s viewpoints and the main rules mentioned there are identical to those stated in other grammar books.

Satire as a proper means used to introduce humanistic issues, received great attention in modern literature. Like art in which caricature tries to exemplify some specific views prominently, and lead the viewers to particular concepts, in poetry, irony plays a vital role in transferring the ideas. Therefore, the poet does his best to draw the reader's attention toward intended meanings. This style of writing can be observed in Mirzadeh Eshghi 's works as well as Ahmad Matar 's, in which it plays a sensitive role in stating some crucial concepts and promoting knowledge in addressee and creating suitable atmosphere for social developments, a task not easy to deal with. This paper displays the characteristics of the concepts in two poets ‘ poetry and investigates the function of satire and its scope of application. The article will then search for some concepts which embody the technique of satire in their poetry through a comparative analysis.

One of the greatest scholars related to Islamic-Arabic culture is Ibn-Tufail whose authority in the field of philosophy of science and medicine and intellectual activities is worthy of praise. however, none of his works remained except his odes in medicine and Hayy-Ibn-Yaghzan dissertation. The latter is the most important of his works, containing his deep philosophical thoughts and applying fantastic elements presented in the form of a story. Its subject is the process of promotion of the human from sensible world to reasonable universe and access to knowledge of God. The intellectual and philosophical theme of this story caused the negligence of its artistic aspects. This article aims at analysis of the elements of the story in Ibn-Tufail’s dissertation in order to show a new dimension of his art and knowledge

The subject of love has been a source of inspiration for poets and men of letters as well as a basic element for many literary works in the world and especially in the Oriental literary works. Arabic poets have also placed the subject of love as the progenitor of the seminal and enduring works and have presented different interpretations of it depending on their personality, their life experiences, their thoughts and ideas. The sacred element of chastity among other elements has taken a conspicuous part in the lyrical works of some of the poets. The Arabic poetry has been familiar with sonnets about chastity in the works of poets like Antarah Ibn Shaddad ‘Absi since the pre-Islamic period and one could smell the exhilarating sweet odor of chastity in the poetry of a majority of Arabic poets in the post-Islamic period. With the emergence of Romantic poets, the trace of chastity could also become conspicuously visible in the lyrics and works of love in the contemporary period. Ibrahim Naji is one of the Egyptian Romantic Poets who has devoted a majority of the themes on love and the lovely sayings. But what makes his love poems remarkable and demanding is the fact that it is decorated with the chastity beauty. Naji’s mystic lovely lyrics are never outside the circle of chastity steps and are mainly of mystic and Sufis nature. The present article, apart from delineating the concept of love in Naji’s poems, aims at presenting the brilliant reflection of chastity along with its various dimensions, in the mystic lovely lyrics of this poet who has been devotedly in love with the Egyptian contemporary poetry.

Frequency of vocabulary used in a piece of writing, prose or poetry, is one of the stylistic features of the writer. Words are like bricks which constitute the structure of a literary work, and the way the writer puts or organizes the words, reflects his/her literary characteristics which in turn distinguishes him/her from other writers. Being simply one of the elements constituting the writer’s style, frequency of the words used in a literary work can-on analysis- demonstrate some secrets of the literary style. Assessing reiteration and frequency of the words in Mutanabbi and Ibn Hani’ and Shawqi, three Arab poets’ selected odes, this paper displays that diversity of words is the highest in Ibn Hani’ ‘s poems and the lowest in Shawqi’s, whilst Mutanabbi’s poems possess a moderate variety in between. The results of this research justify the efficiency of the statistical method applied.

“The Negro” is a short story written by Zakariyya Tamer the Syrian writer based on surrealistic principles and is affected by Freud’s theories of the psychoanalysis. The narrative type in this story is stream of consciousness and the style of writing is based on unconsciousness ground. Thus, the characters and the events of the story have been aroused of the unconsciousness of the writer. Accordingly, all elements of the story can be analyzed, based on the theories of psychoanalysis. This article aims at analysis of the characters and the events of this story on the basis of psychoanalytic theories and ascription every single character or event to a special part of unconsciousness which -according to Freud- has three distinct parts. The paper assumes the character of the Negro (Blackamoor) “Siah zangi” as “Id” and the narrator as “Ego” and the girl (in the third episode) and the “foreman” (in the fifth episode) as representatives of “Superego” in above-mentioned theories. The paper displays the events of the story as they happen in two different phases, the first is the period in which the “Life instinct” is dominant and the second (episode 6) is the stage of the “Death instinct” ‘s superiority over the “Life instinct”.