نشریه پژوهش های زبان شناسی
سال سوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 5، پاییز و زمستان 1390)

The aim of this article is to investigate the structure of language in Ahmad poetry. Since violation of norms and defamiliarization have been used a lot in one of his works named “Kafshhaye Mokashefeh”, this work provides the data of this research. The linguistic structure of this work is analyzed by using Formalist and Structuralist models and frameworks. On the basis of this, it can be said that the poet’s stylistic innovations are manifested in various forms at phonetic, lexical and syntactic levels. In other words, the poet’s innovations at each of these levels trigger the formation of a new and unique style. The main characteristic of this new style is the harmony created between formal elements and the meaning of the poem so that the poem functions not only as a tool for conveying the message but also the emotions of the poet to the reader via the words.

Using Cognitive Theory of Metaphor, this paper studies the abstract and religious concept of KNOWLEDGE in the Holy Quran language The main questions are: In the conceptualization of KNOWLEDGE, what cognitive strategies are involved? How these cognitive strategies interact? And, in the conceptualization process, how the experiential and religious bases are integrated? The study of linguistic metaphors, involving "seeing" and "hearing", shows that Quran has used conceptual metaphors, conceptual metonymy and image schemas. The abstract concept of KNOWLEDGE has been conceptualized through coherent mappings from the concrete, bodily experienced domains of seeing and hearing. The bases of these metaphors and schemas are human experiences of eye and ear; however, the religious content of Quran has influenced the way of mapping from source into target domains.

Head-complement parameter has proved to be a controversial issue in Persian. While this language is frequently referred to as an instance of head-final languages, two other opposing views in this regard, namely split-headedness and head-initial, have attracted a number of proponents. Taking these controversies into consideration, this article aims at counting some merits and demerits of each stance. It will also try to bring the debate around some diachronic evidences from the Old and middle Persian in support of the head-initial view. In line with a diachronic typology framework, these thought-provoking clues can pave the way for a cautious conclusion that Persian has seemingly undergone a process of change during its long history and has been moving from a head-final toward a head- initial language.

The present research aims to examine consonant to consonant assimilation in Modern Persian and account for its behavior within Feature Geometry (FG) of phonological theorizing. Results show that Persian language is sensitive to C-place, vocalic nodes, and terminal features. Moreover, the highest spaces sensitive to assimilation in Persian are nasal and arguably lateral nodes. The repercussions of the findings are both theoretical and applied. Regarding the former, FG's claims are corroborated by assimilation evidence from Persian. It is also argued that the lateral node needs to be subsumed under the root and a uvular node to be posited under the dorsal; two significant contributions to FG regarding the type and placing of nodes.

In this research Persian affixes have been studied based on lexical morphology. In this model, the bases of new words are almost the words used in language. Persian affixes are grouped in two classes based on their phonological behavior to the base. One type is neutral and the other one is non-neutral. Neutral affixes which belong to stratum one, have no phonological effect on the bases they are attached to, but non-neutral ones affect it in some ways; these affixes belong to stratum 2. Most of the Persian affixes are auto-stressed; they take the stress from the base on to itself. Changing the place of the stress affects the meaning of their bases.

The aim of this study is to determine the type of empty category in Persian obligatory control construction with subjunctive complement. Regarding this subject, three hypotheses are proposed. Based on the first hypothesis, subjunctives in control environments are nonfinite because they involve a defective T, and null subject is PRO. The second hypothesis maintains the finiteness of the subjunctive and assumes that obligatory control can be established with pro. The third hypothesis maintains both the finiteness of the subjunctive and the strict association between control and PRO. In this article, providing some evidences, we show subjunctive complements are finite and reject the first hypothesis. Then it is shown that in contrast with the second hypothesis, null subject is different from pro. Consequently supporting the third approach, null subject is treated as PRO allowing local control, sloppy and De-se reading.