نشریه تحقیقات دامپزشکی و فرآورده های بیولوژیک
سال بیست و پنجم شماره 4 (پیاپی 97، زمستان 1391)

Ovary and ovarian bursa of twelve female reproductive organ، six samples from each immature and mature buffaloes were collected from slaughterhouse. All samples were transferred to anatomy department of veterinary college، and they studied morphologically and morphometrically، length، wide، and thickness of ovaries، deep and wide of opening of ovarian bursa were measured. Additionally، dimension of corpus luteum and weight of ovaries along with corpus luteum were measured. This study revealed that ovaries in buffaloes are oval shape and it is briefly flattened in two sides، and surfaces of ovaries were smooth and shinny، and corpus luteum has meaty appearance too. Dimension of right ovaries without corpus luteum were more than the left ovaries. Dimension and weight of corpus luteum on the right ovaries were more than the left ovaries. Deep and wide of the right ovarian bursa was more than the left ovarian bursa، and in overall، dimension of ovarian bursa was larger than the ovaries. Difference of dimension and weight of ovaries in immature and mature buffaloes were high significant (P<0. 01)، and in overall، dimension of ovaries in immature buffaloes were 1. 54 cm length، 0. 87 cm wide، 0. 67 cm thickness، and in mature buffaloes were 2. 08 cm length، 1. 31 cm wide، 1. 07cm thickness، and weight of the ovaries in immature buffaloes were 1. 25gr، and in adult buffaloes were 3. 24gr.

Anzali lagoon can be one of the most important wetlands called the world. This lagoon to support the most fish in the Caspian Sea is reproduced for the spawn، multiply، and sometimes live، to make the pond. Much of Rasht and Anzali city sewage and agricultural waste area of the lagoon through rivers into the Pyrbazar and increased levels of organic pollutants such as nitrite، nitrate، phosphate، oil and heavy metals to derivatives. Seasonal parasite prevalence and density by organic pollutants is influenced to justify. Indicators of metabolic، parasitic، or pathologic marker as a useful، economical and reliable to determine the effects of environmental contaminants are used. Therefore، mainly ectoparasites as pollution indicators are used. Thus، the relative frequency of contamination of monogeneanectoparasites in fish Tyzcoli (Hemiculter leucisculus) of native fish and Sim (Abramis bramaorientalis) Anzali lagoon of migrant fish were investigated. Five sampling stations in the Anzali lagoon were done. Station using the relevant tour blades per station number 30 sim and 40 number fish Tyzcoli fishing was live in the central laboratory was transferred. The Dactylogyrushigh number of fish that were studied about 19. 4% of fish studied are infected with this parasite. Gyrodactylus9. 4% of fish parasites and 3. 1% were infected with parasites Diplozoon paradoxum. in five places، sampling، parts of Anzali lagoon north central area on river water pollution caused by pyrbazar the location of contamination is high value monogenean parasites were more severe. Of contamination between fish Sim and Tyzcoli no significant mean difference (p <0005).

To consider the effect of probiotic and organic acids on performance، carcass characteristics، blood parameters and immune response of broilers، a completely randomized design test was done with four treatments and four replicate for each treatment. Two hundred and forty one day-old mixed sex broilers (Ross breed) were divided into four treatments with 15 chicks per each replicate (pen). Treatments were contain of: 1- Basal diet without additive (control); 2- Basal diet plus % 0. 1 protexin; 3- Basal diet plus % 0. 3 salkil; 4- Basal diet plus % 0. 1 protexin and % 0. 3 salkil. The diets were fed to broilers at 42 days and water and feed were fed ad-libitum. Range of feed intake and gain of each replicate were weighted weekly and took blood in two steps to determine antibody titer from wing vein of birds. The result of this experiment showed during the whole period of experiment، using protexin and salkil had significantly effect on performance and characteristics such as percent of carcass، breast، thigh، gizzard and small intestine. Contemporaneously usage of protexin and salkil coused the best feed conversion ratio (FCR) among all experimental diets and made the most effect on the weighting percent of carcass and digestive organs. Also among all treatments، diet with protexin had significantly effects on the reduction of cholesterol and triglycerid of serum. Percent of heterophyls in birds that had used protexin and salkil diet، had significant reduction، in contrast، percent of lymphocytes were higher in them. The highest antibody titer of Newcastle and Gambro was in the diet consist of protexin and salkil and the most antibody titer of Bronchitis was in protexin diet. As a general it can be resulted that with manipulation of gut microorganisms and creating suitable microbial balance in this organ، we can improve desirably performance and immune response of bird with separately or contemporaneously usage of protexin and salkil.

This survey of Salmonella and specifically Salmonella enteritidis contamination in broiler flocks carried out in Amol as one of the most important poultry breeding centers، used as manure، yolk sac، papers and visceral organs from dead birds. Standard cultural methods were used for Salmonella isolation. Slide agglutination or tube agglutination tests were performed using Salmonella somatic O poly A-S antisera and different somatic O monovalent and flagellar H monovalent antisera. Total of 1435 samples (226 pooled samples) collected from 26 farms and 39 houses. Sixty two Salmonella were isolated from all sources that 50 isolates (80. 64%) was belonged to group D، 11 isolates (17. 74%) group C and 1 isolate (1. 61%) unknown. There was occurrence rate 53. 84% in 26 farms. Salmonella enteritidis (41 isolates) had an isolation rate of 82% of group D and 66. 12% of total Salmonella isolates. This could be shown Salmonella enteritidis is still serious serotype in broilers and causes losses as subacute diseases in poultry and also public health difficulties consequence gastroenteritis in humans by poultry meets cross contamination. Because of vertical transmission of Salmonella enteritidis there is need to create hygiene awareness among broiler breeder’s farms for producing one day chicks without paratyphoid Salmonella.

Contamination of aquatic ecosystems with heavy metals has been receiving increased worldwide attention due to their harmful effects on human health and other organisms in the environment. The aim of this study is to elucidate the accumulation and elimination of copper metal on the gill، muscle and skin tissues of Black fish، Capoeta fusca. Sampling was carried out from Qantas of Birjand area in 2011. Fish samples acclimatize for 10 days to laboratory conditions in aquariums after collecting. The samples with the total length of 13. 45cm and the weight of 20. 45gr، were put in one control group and two treatment groups containing 0. 25 and 0. 75mg/L CuCl2 in 40-liter aquariums with three replicates. After specimens were exposed to the polluting substance، for each of the experiment and control group، two fish were sampled at 7، 14 and 21 accumulation and 10 elimination days. The Cu level on different organs of black fish (gill، muscle، skin) was found to be 2. 88، 1. 2، 2. 1 for lower and 4. 8، 1. 9 and 1. 9 for higher sub-lethal concentration، respectively. Thus، the gill is a target organ for copper accumulation، and it is also the critical organ for symptoms. The accumulation and elimination level of Cu was found to follow the order gill > skin > muscle. In conclusion، depuration process of Cu element depends on several conditions such as Cu concentration in the organ target، time of depuration، and the abnormalities of organ after accumulation process.

Data describing the microbiological status of a country’s meat products can be of great value: in acting as a de facto validation of the country’s regulatory systems، as a baseline for setting performance standards and in supporting risk assessment. O26، O45، O91، O103، O111، O113، O121، O128، O145، and O157 are the most common serotypes of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli associated with human disease. Considering the importance of what mentioned and the potential ability of sheep meat to transmit enterohemorrhagic E. coli to humans، the present study was conducted to evaluate sheep meat contamination to E. coli and E. coli O157، O26 and O128 serotypes in Shahrekord by PCR. Altogether 135 samples of sheep carcasses were collected from Jooneghan abattoir، Chaharmahalvabakhtiari، Iran. Samples enriched in Tryptone Soya Broth (TSB). Then، incubated broth culture was streaked onto Sorbitol MacConkey agar and MacConkey agar as selective plating media. Suspected colonies were tested by polymerase chain reaction. The contamination rate in sheep carcasses with E. coli was 50. 37% (68 out of 135). 1. 48% (2 out of 135) of the samples was contaminated with E. coli O128. E. coli O157 and O26 were not found in any samples. Present study suggests E. coli O157 and O26 are not prevalent in the region.

Sarcocystis is a coccidia protozoan develops obligatory in two hosts consisting of the herbivores as an intermediate host (prey) and the carnivores as a host (predator). Depend on species، the size of cysts and structure of cyst wall in intermediate hosts are different. The ultrastructure of Sarcocystis cysts (Sarcocysts) could be a good indication for diagnosis of the parasite species. In the present study the ultrastructure of macroscopic Sarcocystis isolated from slaughtered sheep in Qazvin Ziaran slaughterhouse were investigated. The macroscopic cysts isolated from sheep muscles were fixed in 3% glutaraldehyde following washing with buffer phosphate. Ultrastructural charecters of the cysts were studied using transmission electron microscope (TEM400). The macroscopic cysts were located within muscles and were limited by a primary cyst wall (PCW). According to ultrastructural characters of PCW، two species of Sarcocystis، S. gigantea and S. medusiformis were identified as macroscopic cyst in sheep. The primary cyst wall of S. gigantea having cauliflower–like protrusions at 12000× magnification and S. Medusiformis having villous like protrusions at 7500× magnification.