فصلنامه اخلاق پزشکی
پیاپی 22 (زمستان 1391)

Research is one of the most important substructures of the development of a country. In order to develop medical ethics in community, recognition process and description of current situation can provide the possibility of pathology and finding the existence strengths and weakness points for planning and implementing the scientific map of medical ethics in the country. This study considered the papers status in medical ethic and medical sciences universities publications in Iran and reviews a summary of researches in these centers in 1390. We evaluated the titles of the published articles through 290 formal journals to Persian and Latin in medical universities and research centers. The results were compared with the prioritization of Iran medical ethic strategic plan and a survey which was already obtained from medical ethic researchers. 52 journals of 290 general medical and specific medical ethics journals, have presented 174 medical ethics papers. Most of these were about patient rights and philosophy of medical ethics and referring to the medical ethics in genetic and vulnerable groups is the lowest. About 51% of papers are review and analytical articles and 47% are descriptive and original. With respect to the importance and current needs of the community, some of the titles have been ignored. So, we can see some inconsistency in this domain in Iran. Therefore to resolve this discrepancy over viewing policies in this area is necessary.

The status of reproductive health services has depended on economic, justice and ethics issues. The sexual and reproductive health of women is often violated, not necessarily because of inadequate of medical knowledge, but rather as a result of essential infringements of women’s human rights despite of universally agreement on. Nowadays there has been increasing public concern regarding the ethical performance of health care professionals, so professional codes of ethics should provide several principles including ethical responsibility and obligation, consequences of performance, values, attitudes and cultural backgrounds in health care services. Developing and updating professional codes of ethics is a necessity and it could draw an appropriate ethical guideline in reproductive health services.

Trust is one of the most meaningful concepts which are considered as an educative goal and as a spiritual feature in Islam's educational system so the foresaid system can invite truth seekers to perfection and appropriate manner and mental health. To find the essence of trust, trusting god has to be considered, the humankind cannot leave his matters to god unless he/she trust him. The purpose of this study is to review the spiritual and educational functions of trust in Quran and Hadith and to study the impact of this phrase on mental health care. The present study sought to show that the humankind can reach to moral and theosophical perfection such as contentment, patience, perseverance, integrity, self-esteem, abstaining dissension and deadly sins, sacrifice, courage, to obtain power, and spiritual progress by trusting god, achieving these features is one of the ethical- educational duties of Islam which will secure mental health. In the present study we will consider these functions one by one to show that having such features would have great results and these results would appear in individual and social behaviors. Therefore, trusting god guides humans and it would lead him/her to god's closure which is his/her worldly life and hereafter happiness

Ethical sensitivity is enumerated as one of professional ability criterions and is effective on ethical function and improvement of nurse-patient relation. A clear diffinition of this concept has not been peresented yet. This qualitative research conducted to illumine ethical sensitivity intent. Therefore, semi stracture interview with 18 nursing students was conducted and data was analyzed by content analisis by Baxter method. The results could include four themes: internal support and direction, cognition, perfect reaction and respond, enthusiast. Ethical sensitivity had different subsequents including personal affects, scientific abilities and reasoning and decision making, and to achive this goal personal traits and educational suscebility is needed. This concept can be used in nursing educations and researches.

assessment of the relationship between moral distress and attitude towards end of life decision making through critical care nurses. participants were 117 nurses from Shiraz hospital ICU and a questionnaire was used to measure their moral distress and attitude towards end of life decision making. The correlation between intensity and frequency of moral distress is direct and significant (r = 0.703, p = 00) Frequency of moral distress was directly correlated with nurses attitude towards withholding and withdrawing (p=0.03) And toward euthanasia (p= 0.00) and intensity of moral distress was directly correlated with DNR (p=0.03). moral distress of critical care nurses was higher than average and was correlated with end of life decision making.

Background and goal: incentives of having children make people who are not fertile to experience various assisted methods of reproduction. Surrogate mother method is one of the ways that typically has utilized after testing other ways for infertile couple in two forms of partial and complete surrogacy. Complete surrogating method that in which surrogate mother is the only responsible for the embryo resulting from sperm and egg fertilization of infertile couple, has multiple challenges that one of them is the ethical validity of its utilization.The main question in ethical investigation of surrogate mother method utilization is to: could we count the act of infertile couple and surrogate mother ethical, based on rule-based moral perspective to the point where both the parents and the society will be Beneficiary. The descriptive and analytical study in this research using library resources, explain the concepts and principles, and then the validity of surrogacy on rule-based ethics is reviewed. as the criterion of morality in rule-based moral is the collective benefit for an act and placing it in the context of a moral principle, in one hand, influence of social, cultural, economic, and political variables and the other hand diversity of people and influence of the surrogate mother method, make us could not have a judgment on the overall usefulness of this approach for society and get it an accepted moral principle, such as sacrifice. However, undoubtedly the use of this method in different situations and in some cases, the benefits are considerable.

The status of providing medical services to patients in the emergency wards can be indicator of medical service delivery in every part of hospital. The objective of this study is to determine the rate of patients’ satisfaction from General physicians’ services in Fasa.

The study was application and descriptive and analytical. Designed questionnaire in five-part Likert scale has completed through the interview. Sampling method was random and 400 Patients were interviewed. Data was collected through SPSS 18 and Minitab 15 software is analyzed by using appropriate tests. Validity of questionnaire is provided through structural and content method. To determine reliability, Cronbach alpha is calculated which 0.93 is.

Among the demographic and contextual variables, there was statistically a meaningful relationship between satisfaction and education, job, sex, married. Correlation coefficient between Patient's overall satisfaction and loyalty index, is calculated which is 0.792. The key improvement priorities from General physicians’ services respectively, "Physician’s skill and expertise", "Careful consideration to the patient and complete patient history taking and physical examination by a physician" and "Physician response to patient questions about disease and treatment methods" were identified.

The findings highlight the need to improve the quality of General physicians’ services. It appears that by reforming system's defects based on Patients’ opinions higher satisfaction would be obtained.