دو ماهنامه سلامت کار ایران
سال دهم شماره 4 (مهر و آبان 1392)

The importance of investigating fatigue is related to its'' adverse consequences. In the health and medical services، increased rate of errors and accidents is usually observed as increased medical errors and decreased patient care، and patient safety. This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on a group of hospital nurses volunteered to participate. The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory questionnaire (MFI-20) was applied. Indeed، an author made questionnaire was used in order to collect required information about personal، occupational and medical error. Fatigue decreased respectively from General، Physical and Mental fatigue to reduced activity and motivation. Younger nurses reported lower level of general and mental fatigue compared to the older ones (p<0. 05). The severity of medical error was related to mental fatigue (p<0. 05) as well as with driving accident on the way between home and work (p<0. 05). Because of the potential effect of fatigue on medical errors and their severity، it is essential to develop appropriate programs as well as risk management solutions in order to reduce negative consequence of fatigue especially in medical field.

One of the most applicable methods in the accident investigation process is utilizing the previously occurred accidents. Usually these data are collected in the databases. The customary databases have some limitations like inability to understand the relations among data. In the current study، it has been considered to provide a sound resource for accident investigation، besides the collecting the domain knowledge. Through analyzing the occurred accidents، their associated knowledge was obtained. After that the gathered data were transferred into the protégé framework software. The ontology approach was employed to create the interested knowledge base. The proposed knowledge base makes it possible to explore and determine the related factors to the process accidents. Also this knowledge base facilitates the semantic search among the main concepts related to the occurred accident. Utilizing knowledge bases could facilitate and enhance the analyzing process and identifying the related root causes. Also this application would provide a possibility for redesign and implementing the interventions.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of psychological capital intervention model (PCI) on mental health of the experts working. the research was partially quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design. Statistical population included 650 experts working in Iran Khodro Diesel Co. 60 people were selected using random sampling method and were randomly assigned in two groups of 30 samples. General Health Questionnaire was used as measurement tool. First، this questionnaire was used as pretest and quasi-experimental group received psychological capital intervention model in 10 two-hour sessions. Psychological capital intervention model is known as PCI which promote psychological capital with focus on components of hope، optimism، self-efficiency، and perseverance. Participants were Completed General Health Questionnaire after intervention again. Data was analyzed using SPSS software and independent t-test. analysis showed after implementation of psychological capital intervention model (PCI)، there was a significant difference between the scores of control and quasi-experimental groups. The mental health and subscale of social function، anxiety and depression have improved، while there was no significant difference in concluded of physical symptoms. It can be stated that psychological capital intervention model has been effective on mental health improvement and subscales of anxiety، social function and depression.

wastewater from industry process has an important role in environmental pollution، discharge of this wastewater in acceptor natural environment، always، accompanied by irreparable effects. in the middle of industrial wastewater، discharge of textile industry existents severe environmental difficulties. So، for setting the control program، determination of quality and quantities wastewater in these industries are necessary.

in this study، dates in several part، include، the name of industry، wastewater generation (m3/day)، type of generated pollution، type of wastewater disposal and chemical parameter such as pH، BOD5، COD، TSS، TDS in determined in 21 area in Tehran on 20 textile industry، have been considered، and the measure of this pollutant، have been compared with discharge standards of environmental protection organization.

the results of this research showed that baft azadi، jame garan and patan jame textile industries have most measure of wastewater generation، respectively، and the average of BOD5 and COD of effluent are 59. 1 and 2607. 1 respectively، and in comparison of discharge standard for environmental protection organization 13. 3% of industries، rise from authorized and 73. 3% of industries exceed from authorized discharge COD. So Hamrang industry produced higher BOD5 and COD، 410 and 928 mg/L Respectively.

the results of this research showed that effluent of mostly textile industries located in this area (region) rise from standards of environmental protection organization and need for mostly determination and control.

Nursing job requires significant physical and psychological activities، thus، it is considered as a high risk occupation for developing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The aims of this study were to Evaluation and effectiveness of MAPO and PTAI methods to estimation the risk of musculoskeletal disorders among hospital nursing staff of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS).

This cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 randomly selected nurses from 75 wards of 11 hospitals of SUMS. Data were collected by demographic، Nordic musculoskeletal disorders questionnaires and MAPO and PTAI indices checklist. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS، version 16.

Prevalence rate of MSDs among the subjects was found to be 88. 2% during the last 12 months. The results of MAPO and PTAI index assessment revealed that more than 80% of subjects were at MSDs risk. The results indicated that MAPO and PTAI indices score was significantly associated with musculoskeletal disorders occurrence (p>0. 001).

Based on the results of this study، both MAPO and PTAI methods are appropriate tools for musculoskeletal disorders risk identification and assessment due to patient transfer in nursing staff.

Risk assessment is the most important function in the Risk management Process. Because the lack of existing a general methodology in this filed، organizations prefer to use simple approaches. These approaches are not capable of presenting an accurate ranking of dangers. The aim of this paper was to overcome the existing limitation of the simple approaches. The presented methodology used multi-attribute group decision making (MAGDM) technique based on fuzzy set theory. In this paper nominal group technique (NGT) and FUZZY TOPSIS are utilized in order to determine evaluation criteria and rank hazards، respectively. A typical job، first by William Fine method are evaluated and then by the proposed approach will be re-evaluated. Evaluation criteria developed by NGT are: severity، probability، exposure، protective measure، preventive measures and failure to detect risk. The psychological stress risk was scored with 3th rank in the William Fine’s method while in the new method it was ranked at First. Results indicate that the proposed method provide an effective methodology for risk evaluation. This methodology reveals the hazards that was viewed as the unimportant hazards in simple methods. As the result of changes which were made in the risk ranking، management decisions was changed.

Experience in the world، shows that the positive effect applying ergonomics in the improving work conditions، improving of quality and quantity of production، reduce prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders، saving costs and increase of productivity in the different contents. There are in possible only using of properly improving work condition system and Macroergonomics approach. The aim of the study was how determine situation and analyzing the working conditions the Macroergonomics approach in a Power Plant Industry. This study is a cross-sectional study. First، the programme for improvement of work conditions using three questionnaires were evaluated include of managers viewpoint (29 samples)، health، safety and environment employees viewpoint (5 samples) and operating workers viewpoint (85 samples) and then three other instruments of Macroergonomics was used. According to the results of 1) questionnaires and corresponding tests، three of the program''s goals of improving working conditions and promotion practices that have the same opinions، but in some cases had different opinions. 2) Future workshops and interviews، the lack of participatory leadership and lack of collaborative work systems for the company stated. 3) Apply Ergonomics Checklist of ILO، an appropriate interaction between the top and bottom surfaces revealed. Awakened needs of change in the middle and lower levels of organization to solve problems relate to improving working conditions of the system was created. To implement an Ergonomics Intervention Programme Technique Process requires the full support management and employees.

Nurses are among the occupations that have more stress and job stress. The stress is much higher in the emergency department. Therefore، the stress of nurses especially the nurses in the emergency department as a key component of health system could be detrimental effects on quality of patient care، mental stress of female nurses in this department into the various reasons that will be necessary. This study aimed to identify psychosocial stressors of female nurses in the Ghaem hospital emergency department of Mashhad، identifying defensive strategies against short and long-term stressors، effect of stressors and organizational perceived social support on job satisfaction is taken. The Survey- analytical study on 40 female nurses in the Ghaem hospital emergency department was in Mashhad City. Statistical analysis of data using SPSS software and through multiple regression and correlation tests was performed. Results showed significant relationship between job satisfaction and perceived social support variables with stress arousal and also، between job satisfaction and organizational perceived social support. Given that stressors has effect on the efficiency and quality of work life for nurses، adopt effective strategies by managers to improve working conditions and reduced job stress of nurses، such as staff participation in decision-making، administrative support، reducing workload and improve the working environment is essential.

Organizations of any type are increasingly looking for a desirable level of labor health and proving their current safety measures. The OHSAS standard relies on Deming cycle which is the specialist in continues system improvement and it claims that it can provide the elements of an effective safety system for organizations and the aim of this study includes reviewing the effects of establishing OHSAS in labor safety and occupation health during a case study. The Review the present case study which is cross-sectional type، tries to describe the method of supplying the necessary infrastructure for establishing an effective OHSAS standard. The indices used in this respect and the measures taken in MWPI، have a desirable extendable capabilities for other industries، as well. the research results showed that by establishing this standard، the severity (ASR) and frequency (AFR) rations for events in the case study follow a desirable trend and the indices such as maneuver period for controlling the events، improved significantly. While، the related tables and RPN calculations for all the departments have contributed a greet deal to control the potential events in an improving manner. obviously providing safe environment and guaranteeing the labors'' health is among the important concerns of the managers of any organization and the present research whit its findings indicate the high capability of OHSAS standard for upgrading the labor safety level of any organization. Auditing the activities show the improvement of labor''s health and safety in the case study company and the facilitation of extending these measures and use them as criteria، assurances continues improvement of job environments.

Street sweepers، due to exposure to medical waste، are a high risk group for infections such as HIV and Hepatitis. Regarding to importance of behavior role to decreasing morbidity in this category of disease and recognizing effective factors of performing safe behavior in this group، the present study aimed to predict the occupational behavior lead to prevention of infection based on the framework of the health belief model constructs in street sweepers who are working in district ninth، Tehran municipality in 2011. In this descriptive-analytical study، a convenience sample included 162 sweepers were surveyed and filled out designed questionnaires (based on health belief model constructs and occupational behavior lead to prevention of infection). Statistical analysis of data was performed with SPSS software، Chi-square، Pearson correlation، One-Way ANOVA and Regression analysis tests. The findings showed that perceived barriers and perceived severity can predict 55% of the variations in occupational behavior lead to prevention of infection of street sweepers. In designing interventions (education) based on the health belief model، should be more emphasis on perceived severity and barriers constructs.