Iranian Journal of Health And Physical Activity
Volume:4 Issue: 2, 2013

Nesfatin-1 is a protein derived from a precursor molecule of the nucleobindin-2 gene. Nesfatin-1 has been suggested to act as a novel inhibitor and a potential regulator of food intake and body weight. It has been reported that changes in proteins and peptides that are released from hypothalamus and adipose tissue are related to cardiovascular diseases (CAD). Therefore, the aim of this study was investigate the effects of eight weeks of aerobic training on nesfatin-1/nucleobindin-2 expression, plasma concentration, and plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) in female rats (Liver, small intestine and kidney tissues). In this study ten Wistar rats (6-8 weeks old and 125-135 g weight) were used. Animals were randomly assigned into control and training groups. Training group was given exercise on a motor-driven treadmill at 25 m/min (0% grade), 60 min/day, 5 days/week, for eight weeks. 72 hours after the last training session and after four hours of fasting, rats were sacrificed. Liver, small intestine and kidney were excised, total RNA was extracted, and after PCR procedure, quantitative real-time RT-PCR was performed. Plasma was also collected for plasma variable measurement. Data are expressed as means ± SEM and the significance level was set at P

In recent years, by understanding the free radical mechanism of Adriamycin(ADR)-induced cardiac stress, it has become possible to develop effective strategies to prevent or modify their expected damages. Several strategies for detecting and preventing cardiac stress have been developed, including physical activity or limiting their accumulation. The purpose of this study was to determine the preventive effects of endurance training on various doses of adriamycin-induced cardiac stress in rats. Forty-eight male rats were randomly assigned to non-training (NT) and training (T) groups with three subgroups; including ADR10mg.kg-1, ADR20mg.kg-1 and saline treatment. Training program included treadmill running for 25 to 54 min/day, 15 to 20 m/min, 5 days/week, for 6 weeks. After the last exercise session of the training groups, a new randomization of all groups into subgroups was performed as follows: non-training+saline(NT+saline); non-training+ADR10mg.kg-1(NT+ADR10); nontraining+ADR20mg.kg-1(NT+ADR20); training+saline(T+saline); training+ADR10(T+ADR10) and training+ADR20(T+ADR20) and afterwards, injections were performed. Rats in all the groups were anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine after 10 to 12 hours of overnight fast. 20mg.kg_1 of ADR administration, caused an imbalance in markers related to cardioprotection(HSP70, SOD) and cardiac stress (MDA, CPK-MB, CK), as compared to NT+saline group. Preventive effect of endurance exercise in the presence of ADR with10 and 20mg.kg_1 caused a significant increase in HSP70, SOD and an insignificant and significant decrease in MDA, an insignificant decrease and a significant increase in CPK-MB and an insignificant decrease in total CK in comparison with NT+ADR10 and NT+ADR20 respectively. However, there was no significant difference between T+ADR10mg.kg_1 and T+ADR20mg.kg_1 in HSP70, MDA and total CK but there were significant differences in SOD and CPK-MB. ADR-induced cardiac stress is related to oxidative stress.Discussion and Our study suggests that pre-treatment with endurance exercise may be considered as a potentially useful strategy for improving myocardial tolerance against ADR-induced oxidative damage. The biochemical mechanisms through which pre-treatment with endurance exercise training exerts its potential antioxidant properties, protects cardiac muscle tissue against the toxicity ADR-induced.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences between bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), T score, and Z score of the lumbar spine and femur in professional swimmers and their non-athlete male counterparts. This investigation was a comparative, cause-effect study. 17 professional, male swimmers from Iran’s national swimming team (age 23.59±2.34 yr, height 176.76±6.68 cm, weight 68.70±7.40 kg, swimming background 10±2.5 yr) and 17 non-athlete, healthy males (age 25.83±2.59 yr, height 168.94±8.06 cm, weight 65.84±9.69 kg) participated in this study. Data were evaluated using BMC and BMD assessing device, Dual energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA). A medical history questionnaire was also filled out for each participant by a specialist physician. In this research bone density of femur and second to fourth lumbar vertebrae were evaluated. Data analysis included descriptive and inferential (T-test) statistics (p≤0/05) and was done using SPSS-16 software. Results from the present study showed that BMC and BMD of femur, BMC, BMD, T score, and Z score of lumbar vertebrae did not differ significantly in professional swimmers and non-athletes (P > 0.05); while T score and Z score of femur were significantly different between professional swimmers and non-athletes (P < 0.05).Discussion and Results of this research clarified that exercise and sport activity, on their own, cannot be an effective factor in increasing BMC and BMD; and that, type of the exercise and the way it is performed may probably be counted as significant factors in professional swimmers'' BMC and BMD. Accordingly, in order to increase their BMC and BMD and to prevent osteopenia or osteoporosis in old age, it is recommended to professional swimmers to try other physical activities such as weight-bearing exercises, choose appropriate methods of exercising, and use a balanced diet supplemented with calcium and dairy products.

It was shown that with acute low-intensity exercise that is minimally stressful, hippocampus activation and BDNF expression can be achieved lending support to the idea that mild exercise could yield greater benefits in hippocampus functions compared to the more strenuous forms. The neuroprotective effects of acute workout training on lead acetate-induced BDNF levels were investigated. Thirty -two adult, male, Wistar rats were randomly classified into 4 groups; Rats were randomly assigned to 1) basic group (Base-B, n = 10), 2) control group (lead-L, n=10) 3), lead injection group (acute pre, n=10) and 4) treadmill exercise with lead injection group (acute post, n=10). The rats in groups 3 and 4 experienced the treadmill running 15 to 22m/min, 25 to 64minutes, 5 times a week, and for 8 weeks. Groups 3 and 4 received lead acetate (20 mg/kg) and the sham group received solvent (ethyl oleat). The results showed that BDNF in Lead acetate group decreased significantly whereas it increased in Lead acetate + Workout group. Obtained data suggest a lifestyle-induced protective potential in rehabilitation of lead-induced neurodegeneration.Discussion and findings from the present research indicated the significant role of exercises in improving BDNF level. Increased level of BDNF may act as neuroprotector in recovery from numerous disturbances, such as reduction of the brain weight, memory loss and different degenerative processes. It may be concluded that the increase of BDNF in hippocampus may cause positive plastic changes and prevent the mentioned disturbance.

Myocardial infarction is one the main reasons of mortality in the world. One of the most important objectives of exercise training is to enhance stress tolerance and prevent heart attacks. Further studies are still needed on this type of prescribed exercise and heart condition improvement through exercise training (exercise preconditioning). The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two different exercise intensities (low and high) on the resistance rate in induced cardiac ischemia in male, adult rats based on performance (carotid ±dp/dt as an indicator of ventricular contraction and relaxation rate) and chemical factors of heart. Twenty four male, adult, Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=8): control (C), low intensity training (LIT) and high intensity training (HIT). At the end of week 14 of the training, all rats received isoproterenol (85mg/kg) through ip injection for 2 consecutive days, then performance factors (HR, DBP, SBP, MAP, RPP, carotid ±dp/dt) and Chemical indicator of tissue damage (tissue CTnI) were measured. Functional factors including SBP (Systolic Blood Pressure), DBP (Diastolic Blood Pressure), HR (Heart Rate), MAP (Mean Arterial Pressure), and RPP (Rate Presure Product) in the exercise groups were not statistically different from the control group, but carotid ±dp/dt levels in high and low-intensity exercise groups were significantly higher as compared to the control group (p)

Serum Alkalin phosphatase (ALP) is an osteoblastic protein whose levels may be affected by exercise. Research has shown that exercise may increase bone density through increasing the level of bone constitute markers such as calcium, phosphor, and ALP. The aim of the present research was to compare the markers of the bone metabolism (calcium, phosphor, and ALP) between 20-35 year-old female basketball players and non-athletes in Golestan province. 12 female, professional basketball players and 15 non-athletes participated in this study as the experimental group and the control group respectively. To study the intended markers, 5 cc of blood was collected from the archival vein of the participants in a sitting position. To analyze the data, shapiro wilk, mann whitney u and independent T-test were used. SPSS software version 18 was used to analyze the data. The significance level was set at p

The present paper studied the effects of 8 weeks of aerobic training and Ferula gummosa on apelin and stress markers in heart and kidney tissues of hypertensive rats. Fifty adult, male, Wistar rats were randomly classified into five groups: aerobic training (AT), Ferula gummosa (FG), combination of aerobic training and Ferula gummosa (TFG),nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester(L-NAME) and sham (SH). Training program included treadmill running, 25-64 min per session, 15-22 m/min, 5 sessions a week, for 8 weeks. The FG supplement group (90 mg/kg) was fed through gavage. Hypertension was induced by L-NAME solution, intraperitoneally (10 mg/kg), for 8 weeks, 6 sessions a weekone-way ANOVA and Welch test for repeated measurements with post hoc testing by Tukey were performed to identify differences between groups. AT, FG, and TFG protocols resulted in an increase in apelin, Nitric oxide (NO) in heart and kidney tissues and significantly decreased angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) as compared to L-NAME group. TFG protocols resulted in an increase in apelin and NO in the heart tissue as compared to sham group. In addition FG resulted in an increase in NO and apelin levels in heart and kidney tissues as compared to L-NAME group.Discussion and It seems that aerobic exercise with moderate intensity and herbal supplements of apiaceae increase apelin and reduce blood pressure in rats with hypertension. This study provides the experimental evidence showing that the apelin has hypotensive and cardio protective effects in the kidney and heart tissues of rats.

The present study was to investigate changes in body composition factors and anaerobic power performance indexes in non-elite wrestlers after a rapid weight loss involving a combination of food restriction, fluid deprivation and dehydration methods and after a short recovery period with adequate food and ad labium fluid intake. 16 male, amateur wrestlers [age 20± 1ys, BMI 23.2±.3kg/m²]with weight classes of 60 & 66 kg who participated in a province tournament, volunteered to take part in the study. Changes in body composition factors and anaerobic power performance were evaluated using caliper skin fold method and Rast field test respectively, under three conditions: 1) basal or pre-weigh cutting 2) immediately following weight loss 3) after 6 hours of recovery from weight loss by taking adequate food and fluids. Data analysis included one-way ANOVA and the significant level was set at p≤0. 05. Data showed that significant differences occurred in the absolute and relative peak, mean and low power values, as well as in fat percentage, total weight and BMI between the base line level, immediately following weight loss and short recovery period (6 hours)[p≤0. 05].Discussion and The results indicated that immediately after weight loss and after 6 hours of recovery from weight loss prior to province competition, the participants lost 5% of their total body weight which is higher than ACSM and NSAA recommendations. This reduction led to a decline in anaerobic power performance and anthropometric profile of the amateur wrestlers.

the aim of this study was to consider the number of prevalent traumas among the members of Iran’s national team ofyouth freestyle wrestling and their relation with anthropometric factors and physical fitness. this was a descriptive- correlational study. after measuring some of the anthropometric and physical fitness factors,[Body Mass Index(BMI),Waist-Hip-Ratio(WHR),Percent of Body Fat(PBF), flexibility, aerobic and anaerobic power and strength] through standard tests, and acquiring the prevalent injuries of the team members from the team''s physician, and applying descriptive statistics (mean 16±1/1) and inferential statistics (Chi square), the relationship between the anthropometric measurements and physical fitness factorsand the level of injuries were assessed. The results of this research showed that the muscular-tendinous injuries and articular-ligament injuries are the most frequent among the youth freestyle wrestling team There was a relationship between muscle injuries and the level of flexibility, between joint injuries and (PBF) and (BMI) and also between bone injuries and isometric strength.Therewas also a relationship between the skin traumas and (WHR) (P)

The wide prevalence of obesity and associated diseases around the world, makes identifying a method to reduce its risk factors and the complications in obese individuals an important area to research. The present study examined the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise on the plasma visfatin and lipid profile of overweight women. 19 overweight females (mean age, 22±1.85 years, weight 77.4 ±10.35 kg, body mass index, 30.3±4 kilograms per square meter, waist to hip ratio 0.85±0.04 and fat percent 33.9±3.35) volunteered to participate in the study and were randomly divided into 2 groups. 9 subjects were assigned to the aerobic training group (training 5 sessions per week, for 8 weeks. The first week began with the 65 percent of maximum heart rate reserve (HRR) and reached 80 percent of HRR in the eighth week). Ten subjects were assigned to the control group. Blood samples were collected at the beginning and end of the research to determine the changes in plasma visfatin levels and the lipid profile of the participants. Dependent and independent T-tests were used to analyze the data(P≤0.05). The T-test results showed that plasma visfatin and HDL levels significantly decreased (p=0.01), while TG levels increased significantly in the experimental group (p=0.03). The weight and body mass index of the experimental group were significantly lower compared to the control group (p≤0.05). Other variables recorded did not change significantly in the groups.Discussion and Training-induced weight loss and the eventual changes in the body composition of the experimental group had an important role in reducing the visfatin plasma levels.