نشریه مطالعات راهبردی بسیج
پیاپی 57 (زمستان 1391)

Having insight can be reckoned as a factor for distinguishing right from wrong in critical situations. Historical studies show that having insight has been the main cause of victory for those fighting for the right side in battles that have fought between the defenders of right and wrong. In times when right and wrong are intermingled, and man loses his discrimination power, having insight can work as the only savior. In the present age when right or wrong messages are propagated by means of particular methods, tech niques, and devices by different systems, institutions, and individuals with materialistic, human and divine views, and result in the formation of audi ence’s speech and behavior, holding fast to a strong bond which is exactly the statements uttered by the Guardianship (the Supreme Learder) by Mos lems throughout the world is a necessity. Having this in mind, the research ers set out to arrange the data and the supports for the main hypothesis of the research by using the statements made by Imam Khamenei as an axis for delineating the importance and parameters, and functions of insight and the role it plays in defending values using a scientific methodology in em ploying Delphi methods used by both instructors and students experienced in the field of defense. The present research is applied in terms of objective and carried out by utilizing a descriptive-analytical method. The needed data were collected either through library studies using note taking, or through survey studies using questionnaires and interviews. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was found to be 913/0to evaluate the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. A number of 85 people were selected as a community sample through random stratified sampling, who filled a research question naire. The Friedman rank test, t-test and Mean were used to analyze data, and the effect of insight in defense was confirmed with Mean84/4 and 84 degrees of freedom.

The Constitution counts as the most important factor that determines the courses of political, economical, social and cultural movements in the country. In the Constitution, the general principles governing public order in the society and the bonds between people are con figured in the form of a mutual relationship based on ‘right and obli gation’, where practicing them would lead to values and norms that have been taken into account as ideals and objectives in the Con stitution. In order to explain the legal backgrounds for economical Jihad, it is necessary that the existing factors that can contribute to realizing economic Jihad be identified by studying and analyzing the Constitution, specially its economic principles. So, the main ques tion in this article is “what are the backgrounds that can contribute to realizing the economic Jihad?” The Constitution is the instrument for designing and implementing the economic system in the country, specifying the broad outlines of the planned movement in specific situations and conditions, including Jihad-like ones. It follows that economic requirements as specified in the Constitution can be ex plained on two levels: The first level includes objectives including economic and social justice, human dignity and economic indepen dence for the achievement of which economic Jihadists should work hard. The second one sets out the strategies as intended by the Constitution- including social cooperation, acquiring knowledge and fostering a spirit of initiative and innovation, public supervision and social monitoring- the achievement of which requires Jihadists to achieve the objectives set out in the first level.

This article is aimed at studying the role played by media in national security by focusing on their impact on national identity and the na tion-building process in the country. The national identity and nationbuilding process is shaped and developed under the influence of the dominant narrative. The effects and role of the media in shaping the individual narratives and the dominant narrative in the society have converted them into the most powerful tool in politics. The main claim of this article is that in a society like Iran where national iden tity and identity-related elements play a determining role in shaping its national security and politics, a principal measure taken against national security is centred on changing the components of national identity especially via media. What this article mainly emphasizes is the efforts that have been made to affect the Iranians’ national identity via media in recent years. Although, in a society like Iran, na tional identity is a historical phenomenon that has been shaped and developed during centuries, a large-scale investment is seen made to make use of narration in order to affect national identity in different media, due to structural and fundamental effects of narration.

Media constitute the most practical of cultural tools that can over whelm the audience’s thoughts and mind. Therefore, they can be said to be on the front line of the soft warfare field, being able to conduct and monitor major movements on the one hand, and create movements on the other. Many experts believe that we are faced with media warfare as one of the aspects of soft warfare due to the world of communications as expanded and intermingled as it is. In soft warfare, media-compared with hardware capacities- are con sidered as powerful and less cost-intensive tools for achieving the objectives set out in different political systems. Therefore, media are employed by men of politics, economy and military figures in differ ent forms. In such wars, media are predominantly at the hands of centers of wealth and power and mirror the hegemonic interests of special interest groups. So, it is remarkably important to study their role and objectives and the extent to which they exert their effects on audiences’ way of thinking and behaving. Underlining variables and concepts such as understanding the varieties of media threats in soft warfare as well as the strategies that enable internal media to play a cultural role, the present research seeks to answer these ques tions: “What roles do internal media play in identifying the threats that originate from Western media performance in soft warfare and what methods and means can they use in countering such threats?” the method used in this research is analytical-descriptive.

This research has been carried out with the aim of studying and identifying social-cultural indicators of family during the Holy de fence period. It has been done through survey method by using questionnaires and interviews on 40000 people from 10 provinces from among family members who married between 1980 and 1988 and were living in Iran during the time mentioned above and experi enced the circumstances during the Holy defence period. The sam ples of this research have been selected by using a cluster sampling method. In this research, a scientific and specialized interview has been done with 33 people from a group of experts. The findings of this research show that there is a meaningful relationship between ideological factors (religious teachings, the culture of sacrificing and martyrdom, abiding by the verdicts issued by the Guardianship of the Jurist, practical commitment to codes issued by religious law), family factors (criteria for mate selection, inter-spouse relations, the way times are spent, the way time is spent, child- rearing styles and attachment styles), social –cultural factors (social interactions, economical-ethical values), personal factors (physical and mental health, age, education, putting a neat appearance and the style of living a life), with health, marital satisfaction, family stability. Form among these factors, generally ideological factors- and specifically abiding by the verdicts issued by the Guardianship of the Juristwere more correlated with family stability and health during the Holy Defence period. Under the present circumstances, elites deem fam ily, personal and ideological factors respectively as being more cor related with family stability and health.

Identity means awareness, a sense of belonging, preparedness to defend a self-identity which differs from one person or group to an other in size and degree. If someone had this kind of awareness about himself, he can consider himself as having an independent identity, and make himself be considered this way. Sense of iden tity involves a different set of feelings that includes feeling of unity, feeling of compatibility, sense of belonging, feeling of valued-ness, and feeling of independence. Identity takes on a social and compre hensive form, when it comes to a social establishment called Ba sij, which holds true for all its correlates. Ashura is a basic identity, to the same extent that Revolutionary Basij is a basic one. Basij’s Ashura-based identity includes the sense of belonging and loyalty as well as preparedness for defense and behaviors, all of which originate from the Ashura event. Beside this identity, the fact that the Iranian civilization has a longtime attachment to the ideal inspired by Imam Hussein is today an institutionalized one that promises the rebuilding of the modern Islamic civilization upon the foundation of what humanity has inherited from Mahdavia cause and Ashura. Ba sij’s sense of identity is more based on the fact that the religious teachings do revolve in a consolidate state around the Ashura event and the Iranian modern identity-making process that was started by Imam Khomeini. Furthermore, the continuous efforts made by the Supreme Leader to conduct this line of thinking have caused Basij’s nature, parameters and model of behavior shaped by its Ashurabased identity. This article plans to explain the rules, relations, and the behaviors formed on the basis of Basij’s revolutionary and Ashura-based identity in the Islamic Iran.