مجله راز بهزیستن
پیاپی 39-40 (پاییز و زمستان 1392)

Irregular wide antibiotic administration by physicians and over the counter use of them had been lead to inappropriate or non-essential choice of antibiotic. If blood related diseases like sepsis and bacteremia, have not been diagnosed and treated as soon as possible, they can make high complications and mortalities. This study was conducted to survey of epidemiological changes about frequency of micro-organisms in blood cultures in Razi laboratory of Rasht during 2006 t0 2011. This is a descriptive retrospective study that performed by information database of Razi laboratory. For all of positive samples addressed for blood culture, anti-biograms had been done by method of Kirby & Bauer and agar diffusion. Last, formation or deformation of growth zone were evaluated and on the basis of standard table, results were classified to three categories of sensitive, intermediate and resistance. All of common standard antibiotic disks had been used in this survey. In all cases which addressed for culture (466 cases) 43 subjects (9.22%) were positive and one of them was contaminated. The most frequent bacteria separated from the blood cultures were respectively: coagulase negative Staphylococcus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aerugi-nosa, Klebsiella and coagulase positive Staphylococcus. Relation between type of bacteria and gender of patients was significant (P=0.001) in which in female cases it was the most frequent. The most resistance in all of applied antibiotics in coagulase negative Staphylococcus group was 60.2%, in gram negative non non-fermentative bacillus group was 43.16% and in gram negative intestinal bacteria group was 39.25%. Although there are similar results in the pattern of resistance in comparison of other studies, pattern of this study is unique and exclussive for Rasht city and it is based on heginic condition of Guilan province. Because of being respective and variables were not considerd by opinions of researchers of this study, it is necessary to conduct a prospective and continous study in this wide level.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women all over the world. It is the first cause of death in women.. The goal of this study is to investigate health beliefs in women (20 - 49 year old) who referred to Ghouchan health care centers. This study is an analytic – descriptive one which was done in 1388 in all health care centers in Ghouchan. 384 urban women were selected through random stratified sampling procedure to take part in the study. The results show that most women (%76) had enough knowledge about the risk of breast cancer but their regular performance of BSE was only (18.2). In determining individual performance based on health belief variables, perceived susceptibility had negative relationship with BSE(p<0.05. r= -./110). The results of this study can help health trainers to reinforce positive beliefs and improve weak and negative beliefs through planning appropriate training programs and to promote this self – control activity and decrease the cancer death rate.

Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy or “morning sickness” is one of the most common complaints of pregnant women.. . The objective of this study is assesses the effectiveness of Ginger for nauseaand vomiting in pregnancy. all domestic and international databases with sensitive keywords were studied.All study assessed about Inclusion criteria and finally seven clinical trials. A total sample pool of 525 pregnancies was included at this systematic review All studies mentioned of randomization by establishing sample homogeneity at baseline in terms of age, severity of symptoms, gestational age, co-morbid conditions. In all studies ginger was better than placebo in reducing the severity of nausea and frequency of vomiting period. This systematic review has shown that ginger may be used as an alternative choice of treatment for the management of the aforementioned symptoms.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood-onset psychiatric disorders that probably have relation with prenatal and postnatal complications. Assessment of association between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Low Birth Weight among 5 to 10_ year old children.Methods this study is a cross sectional study that was performed on 700 children at the age of 5 to 10 years selected through convenient sampling in pediatrics clinic of Dr.Sheikh hospital in 1388 to 1389. Our study was included 700 cases (364 male & 336 female). the number of low birth weight cases who had ADHD was 1.3 times the number of control cases who had birth weight upper 2500gr but it wasn’t statistically significant (P=0.058). The prevalence of ADHD according to the parents report was 17.3% (68.6% male, 31.4% female). according to our findings low birth weight is not a significant risk factor for ADHD, but there is an association between Male sex, history of admission to NICU, history of head trauma in infancy and ADHD.

Visual disorder is the one of prevalent sensory defect in human there-fore if the epidemiological studies and prevention programs not implement, some of society productive force will be handicap. Purpose of this research was the study of visual handicaps in Ardabil Province society. In this descriptive (survey) research 10718 case selected with clustered randomly method from Ardabil cities and villages. Data gathered using Scanning questionnaire, Snellen chart, Visual handicaps special questionnaire, and Normal individuals special questionnaire Results of research showed that 1/8 percent of Ardebil society have visual handicaps. From this, 1/3 percent has visual deficient and 0/5 percent has blindness. Based on results, visual handicaps were many in males, villagers, and aged. Results showed also, family marriages, pregnancy incidents, pregnancy in aged, parents handicaps, sever illness in childhood, parents education level, family income, live situation, and incidences, were related with visual handicaps. For prevention of visual handicaps prevalence in Ardebil Province, healthy economic and cultural interventions are required.

Neonatal period is vulnerable because of physiologic adaptation to extra uterine life. The aim of this study was to review the cause of admission and hospitalization in neonatal unit of 17 Shahrivar Hospital. this cross-sectional study was done among 546 neonates admitted in 17 Shahrivar Hospital of Rasht in 1385-86. Infants requiring mechanical ventilation or neonatal intensive care unit were excluded. Data analysis was performed by SPSS software version 18. The mean age of neonates was 0.76± 8.83days. 57.1 % of neonates were boys, 17.6% premature, 17.6 % low birth weight and 7.5 % weighing over 4100 g. The most common causes of admission were neonatal jaundice (55.9%), septicemia based on clinical suspicion (13.4%) and pneumonia (7%), respectively. The most common causes of neonatal admission were jaundice, septicemia and nfection. Thus, jaundice and infection should be the main purpose neonatal mortality and morbidity strategies in our region.

The main cause of death in recent years has been Cardiovascular diseases, Accidents and CancersBecause consumption of solid oil with animal sources increases development of cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and death, it is important to replace the solid oils with liquid oils.The aim of this study was to determine the effect of training according "precede – proceed model" toward reforming edible oil consumption in households. This quasi-experimental study was to evaluate the educational program based on PRECEDE - PROCEED model for reform of the household consumption of edible oils. This study was performed in 1389 in regions covered by Molamohammad and Rahvard therapeutic and health centers in Quchan County. Program participants were 200 women in two groups of 100 households cook from Molamohammad (test group) and control group were 100 households cook from Rahvard. Results indicated significant difference in the structures of PRECEDE - PROCEED model (knowledge, attitude, behavior, predisposing factors, reinforcing executive - management), in the experimental group than the control group after the intervention. Therefore these variables can be predictors of avoiding behavior of solid and animal source oil consumption. According to current results, designing and performing educational program based on PRECEDE - PROCEED Model can cause reform of edible oil consumption pattern toward using liquid oil and frying liquid oil. As a result use of this teaching model is effective in health education programs.

Iran has one of the highest rates of narcotic consumption in the world. This study aimed to evaluate demographical and epidemiological factors related to addiction in Sarakhs County. In particular, this study seeks the potential differences with the overall pattern in Iran. A retrospective study based on documents of patients in rehabilitation clinic in Sarakhs County was designed. Data have been extracted as a regular systematic sampling of 219 cases in 2010. Mean Age (SD) of patients was 34(9) years; onset age was 23(8) with a mode of 17 years. Most last consumed substances were diamorphine (heroin), raw opium and sap respectively. 13% of patients were female. While just 26% of men disclosed a positive family history of addiction; this rate was 55% for female subjects. we found that in this population, females were considerably more prone to addiction in regard to the other of country. Familial history and divorce rate were also more common in female.