Iranian Journal of Neonatology
Volume:4 Issue: 2, Summer 2013

Infantile colic is one of the most common problems in the family in few weeks after birth. Pathophysiology of colic has not been explained yet. The aim of this study was to compare the intestinal microflora in colicky and non-colicky infants. Seventy breastfed infant aged 15-60 days were enrolled in this study and divided into two groups of 35 colicky and non-colicky according to Wessel’s criteria. Stool sample were cultured on selective media. Lactobacillus species were defined by specific tests. Difference in the normal flora between two groups was analyzed by SPSS 16, t-test and a P-value less than 0.05 was considered being significant. Among 35 colicky and non-colicky infant, 15 and 20 culture positive lactobacilli were detected respectively. Lactobacillus (LB) acidophilus grew in 7 (20%) non-colicky infants and none of colicky infants. (P=0.02). Absence of LB acidophilus in colicky infants may predispose growth of other bacteria which may play a role in the pathogenesis of colic and its symptoms.

Introduction Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a current cause of morbidity in premature infants resulted from surfactant deficiency. The primary aim of this randomized study was to describe the feasibility of early administration of surfactant via a thin catheter during spontaneous breathing (TEC) and compare its outcomes with the InSurE (Intubate, Surfactant, Extubate) procedure Materials and Methods Premature infants with RDS, who were ≤ 32 weeks old and stabilized with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP), were randomized to receive surfactant either by the TEC or InSurE technique. Tracheal instillation of 200 mg/kg Curosorf via 5-F catheter during spontaneous breathing under nCPAP was performed in the intervention group (n=38). In the InSurE group (n=40), infants were intubated, received positive pressure ventilation for 30 seconds after surfactant instillation, and placed on nCPAP immediately Results Necrotizing enterocolitis rate was significantly lower in TEC group, than InSurE group, [p<0.02, RR=0.49, CI=%95(0.39_0.62)]. But rate of other morbidities did not significant difference between two groups. Although Mechanical ventilation duration did not significant different between two groups (p=0.2), but Total CPAP duration was shorter in TEC group, significantly [P<0.01, RR=8.2, CI=%95 (-37.9_-4.8)]. Need for O2 supplement and mean of total hospital duration was also lower in TEC group, but was not significant, statistically Conclusion The TEC technique is feasible for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in infants with very low birth weight and decreases total nCPAP duration, significantly. But Judgment of substitution TEC instead of InSurE as a routine technique need to more studies.

Infantile colic is somehow believed to be the worst pain a baby has thus experienced. It is usually manifested as an acute abdominal pain with intense spasmodic cramping accompanied by intense crying lasting for more than 3 hours a day during at least a three days period. Accordingly, this study is aimed to investigate the effects of Fumaria on such pain in 3-16 weeks-old infants. Materials and Methods A double-blind clinical trial has been conducted on 60 newborns. The cases were selected through simple random sampling and divided into two groups, namely control and treatment group and given 2.5cc placebo or Fumaria extract. Daily symptoms were gathered and recorded via a specially designed questionnaire. Chi-squared test was used to analyze the mustered data. Results Out of the 60 cases, 50 newborns completely participated in the study. This study revealed a significant difference between the two aforementioned study groups as regards to the length and frequency of crying periods and the number of times an infant would wake up due to colic pain (P<0.05). Concerning the demographic characteristics, there was no statistically significant difference between the control and the treatment group (p>0.05).

The family is in a crisis and a stressful experience when neonate is admitted in NICU ward. In recent decades, role of family in the care of neonates has completely changed. Now, empowerment of families in the care of neonates hospitalized is an important approach in the field of neonatal nursing. Therefore, it is necessary for parents, especially mothers with neonates in NICU ward that be done nursing professional supports. Materials and Methods This quasi-experimental study was conducted in Mashhad, Qaem Medical Center, in 2011, using before and after design. In this study, 34 women aged 19-41 years were participated voluntarily who had hospitalized neonate in the NICU ward, from June to October 2011. In order to find subjects, we interviewed 46 mothers, in a period of 5 months. Mothers were include if they could do the routine care of the newborn, their scores were less than 25 in participation checklist, the ability to read and write, not affected a physical or mental illness. Among the mothers who were interviewed 12 people were excluded from the study because: neonate mortality, discharge from the NICU unit and lack of personal interest. Finally the study was performed with 34 subjects Results paired t-test showed significant difference in the participation score of mothers in the care of neonates after the intervention than before (P= 0.000). Also, there is a significant difference among all the health belief model constructs, after the intervention than before. (P <0.05). Conclusion Based on the results of this study, it is suggested; health education models can be used in clinical research nursing and empowerment programs related to individuals, families and other groups.

Introduction Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections in childhood. Appropriate treatment of UTI requires to knowledge about antibiotic resistance patterns of common uropathogens. The aim of this study was to determine demographic, symptoms, signs and antibiotic resistance pattern in admitted infants with clinically diagnosis of UTI in 17 Shahrivar Hospital of Rasht Materials and Methods This retrospective study was performed on 77 patients less than 2 years old from March 2006 to march 2011. They were admitted with clinical diagnosis of UTI and posilive. Urine cultures data (demographic, symptoms, signs and the results of urine analysis and urine cultures) were analyzed by SPSS and Chi-squartResults From 77 patients, 53.2% were female, with mean age of 8.07 ± 6.84 months. The most common symptom was fever(48.1%) vomiting and diarrhea were second and third prevalent symptom. 18.1% had leukocytosis and CRP was positive in 67.3%. Leukocyturia in 58.4% and hematuria in 19.5% of them were seen. The most common agent was E coli (59.7%) followed by Klebsiella and Enterobacter (14.3%) and Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (5.2%). Isolated pathogens were resistance to ampicillin (94.1%), amoxicillin (88.9%), cefalexin (70.5%), co-trimoxazole (66.7%), cefixime (75%). This antibiotic resistance was less for nalidixic acid (37%), ceftriaxone (20%), aminoglycosids (24.6%), nitrofurantoin (22.4%) and ciprofloxacin (14.8%). Conclusion Ecoli was the most frequent pathogen in our study. Resistance to all antibiotics used to treat UTI was common. Due to the low sensitivity of ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefalexin and co-trimoxazole, use of them is not recommended for the treatment of UTI. It seems that the best choices include ceftriaxone, aminoglycosids, nalidixic acid, and nitrofurantoin.

Introduction weight in delivery is simplest and current health indication for assessment infant statues in each country. Purpose of this study is assessment correlation to unplan pregnancy and low birth weight in new infants also some key factors influencing on low birth weight. Materials and Methods in this study 838 pregnant mothers in two group wanted and unwanted performed. This study is descriptive and analytically based on cohort study. Sample size was all mothers who refer to nine health clinics in mashhad province in 2012. Questionnaire completed based on interview to mothers and observe health records. For analyzing data used chi-square and T-student tests. Results finding showed that in wanted group (n=602) and unwanted (n=236), 10.3 % of infants are LWB, in wanted group 11% and unwanted group 8.5% reported however there was no significant relation between two groups. There was a significant relationship between two groups in number of pregnancy and time of first reference to health clinic and duration between recent and previous visit (p=0.05). T-STUDENT test showed that thre is a signigicant relationship between the mean of mothers age and number of pregnancy in two groups(p=0.05) also chi square test showed that some factors like lodging of mother, mothers job, mothers education and her husband education had significant difference between two groups of wanted and unwanted pregnancy. Some factors like unwanted pregnancy and hypertension, diabetes, smoking, separately had studied but the result showed that only drug abuse had a significant effect on LBW, however in mothers with drug abuse 40% and mothers without drugabuse 9.7% cause to LWB. Conclusion considering the importance of birth weight in health of infants and advers of unplanned pregnancy on it specialy in cases with high risk behaviours, pre-pregnancy caring and increase knowledge of mothersabout the importance of this cares are necessary.

Introduction A heart tumor in children is rare and the most primary tumor of the heart is rhabdomyoma. We report a case of cardiac mass diagnosed at 32th weeks of pregnancy while the mother had gestational diabetes Mellitus. Serial echocardiography revealed regression of the tumor; then follow up of the patient confirmed tuberous sclerosis.

Introduction Vit D level is low in human milk (20-60 IU/Lit) thus dialy supplement of 400 Vit D is advised since birth for all infants. On the other hand upper limit dose for long term Vit D intake is 1000 IU/day for children less than one year of age. Excessive Vit D more than upper limit by physicians or parents can cause hypervitaminoseD. We report a rare case of hypervitaminose D in two months old infant.