نشریه قلم
پیاپی 18 (پاییز و زمستان 1392)

First introduced by Kenneth White, Geopoetic is a literary and aesthetic approach that examines the poetical aspects of the spaces described or drawn in texts or pictures. It attempts to restore a deep affiliation between the Earth and either literature or art. In other words, as a semiological positive process, the geopoetic approach leads to a knowledge of how to interact with the Earth and the universe.In this paper, we have used this novel literary-artistic approach to capture concepts, aesthetic codes, and spatio-cultural signs in Christian Bobin’s work concerning “the horizon of the soul”. We have extracted and analyzed these items wherever they are related to the interactions between the self and the universe.

Stéphane Beauverger’s Le Déchronologueis a paradoxical novel: historical and futuristic at the same time, a SF novel and yet aspiring beyond the strictures of the genre.Being a formal performance and a spectacle, it ties the sovereign uniqueness of a style to the complexity of a chronological assembly leading to an eventual breathtaking narrative experience. It’s a “structure” hence, as well as a receptacle of the eruptive events and actions. Different times, historical anddiegetic, crisscross each other, and at times find comfort in the bloody and savage battles and the unsettling technical and technological discoveries. A chimeric productof an unnatural union between future and past, between a wild 17th century plagued by wars and piracy, and the futures of humanity, this narrative explores an alternate history of the 17thcentury,traversed by the infatuated trace of advanced technologies. This article aims, therefore,to disentangle the complicated mesh of diverse technological regimes present throughout this temporal novel and measure their representational impacts.

According to the grammatical tradition, the verb is considered as the fundamental element of the sentence. Traditional grammars, Generative Grammar and Immediate Constituent Analysis interpret the sentence structure in conformity with an essential bi-partition. In the Dependency Grammar the verb is regarded as the central term of the sentence, which its semantic valency determines the number of complements and accordingly the structure of sentence. Therefore, a rigorous description of the verbal complements and the complementation phenomenon of verbal phrase appears very important for every grammatical study of a language and admittedly, necessary for syntactic comparisons of languages and the translation as well.In general, the prior presented descriptions of verbal complementation seem incomplete and even in some cases confused. Our objective in this paper is to perform a descriptive study of the obligatory verbal complements of French and Persian languages, in order to achieve a new classification of the verbal complementation, distinguishing all details of nature and function of the complements. According to it, we introduce a new category of verbal complements named adverbial/non-object.

The oral account andnarrativefilmare known asheterogeneousnarratives. However,they showthe same characteristics. Themost important traitis to replacethespatiotemporal continuityof the eventa seriesof elementsthatcan be called"proposals"in the caseofverbal narrative, and"plans"in the caseoffilm narrative.Narrative structuresarestructuresmore superficial thandeep structures. The latteris responsible forcoordination andspatiotemporal locationof the text thatisbeing formed, not to mentionthecomponentthat decidesactorialrolesthat the subjectwill becalled upon to occupy. So in thislevelthe point of view, the background and foreground, the value of the plan,the angleof view among other optionsarechosen.

The twentieth century and the onset of the subsequent century were molded by all kinds of conflicts; hence, depictions of war have turned into a burning issue in the realm of literary studies. Algeria, the former French colony, fought from 1954 to 1962 to gain its independence. This long, brutal battle had a relatively high death toll. Algerian literature constantly reflects the pains and sufferings of a nation struggling in the post-colonial era to break free from the clutters of French colonial rule. This study endeavors to analyze war as it is represented in Yamina Méchakra’s “La Grotte éclatée” (The Shattered Cave). Penned by a woman, this narrative employs the techniques of polyphony and polysemy to shed light on aspects of war that have been largely neglected by male authors, while other aspects have been omitted by them altogether. This paper shows, furthermore, that a multitude of discourses, each of which reflects an ideology, are embedded in this novel.

In the present research paper, we try to analyze the place, time and wonderful events in three Mesopotamian, Greek, and Iranian epics through studying Gilgamesh, the Iliad and Esfandiyar Episode in Shahnameh. Indeed we try to study the role played by place, time and wonderful events in braveries demonstrated by Gilgamesh, Achilles, and Esfandiyar, the heroes of three epics works. Our essential objective is to reject some of untrue theories presented by some of comparative literature researchers that emphasize on the direct influence of one epic on the epics written afterwards. The present paper proposes a new approach to study the epics based on transcultural characteristics of this literary genre.