مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
پیاپی 279 (هفته چهارم اردیبهشت 1393)

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) is a receptor of tyrosine kinase with a pivotal role in the cell growth and differentiation. FGFR2 gene was identified as susceptibility gene for breast cancer by Genome-wide associated study. rs1219648 polymorphisms in intronic region are associated with breast cancer. FGFR2 gene is amplified in 15-10% of breast tumors. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of this region are involved in FGFR2 amplification. In this study, the association of rs1219648 in intron 2 region of FGFR2 gene and breast cancer was assessed. In the present study, 80 cases of breast cancer and 100 healthy controls were studied. After DNA extraction from blood, specific sequence was amplified by tetra primer ARMS-PCR (amplification-refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction) technique and genotype of C/T polymorphism was determined by agarose gel electrophoresis. Individuals with G/G and A/G genotype were at a significantly higher risk of breast cancer (OR = 5.32, P = 0.018). G allele frequency in case patients were greater than controls but this increase did not show significant relationship with breast cancer (P = 0.230). Single nucleotide polymorphism of G/A in intron 2 of the FGFR2 tyrosine kinase receptor gene may play a role as a risk factor for breast cancer susceptibility.

Human papilloma virus (HPV) is one of the effective factors in the occurrence and development of cervical and breast cancers. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of low-risk (6, 11) and high-risk types (16, 18) of papilloma virus and human breast cancer in women. In this case-control study, the breast tissues of 87 cases of breast cancer and 84 women without malignant diseases (fibrocystic) in Shahid Sadoghi hospital, Yazd city, Iran were selected. To determine the low- and high-risk types of HPV, firstly the nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, and then, the PCR method with specific primers were used. HPV genome was detected in 22.9% of the samples that 18.3% of cases were containing mucosal genotypes (11, 16, 18 and 6). HPV-16 was the most common genotype in invasive ductal carcinoma. In general, genotype 16 was the most abundant type associated with breast cancer (35%) and type 11 had the lowest correlation with breast cancer (5%). In this study, the possible association between human papilloma virus infection (especially type 16) and the occurrence and development of breast cancer was confirmed in women of Yazd city. The frequencies of genotypes were not significantly associated with the type of breast cancer tissue.

Cholera is a lethal diarrheal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae. Cholera toxin is the major virulence factor in pathogenesis of Vibrio cholerae. The B subunit of the enterotoxin, which is responsible for toxin binding to eukaryotic cells, has immunogenic properties. The aim of this study was bioinformatic investigation and production of recombinant cholera toxin subunit B (CtxB). CtxB gene was analysed for rare codons and gene optimization was performed using optimization software. Recombinant pET28a/ctxb plasmid was transformed to E. coli BL21 DE3 and expression was induced with Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). The protein expression was evaluated using Sodium dodecyl sulphate- Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western Blotting analysis. The recombinant protein was purified using Nickel-Nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni–NTA) affinity chromatography. Codon adaptation index (CAI) on the native gene was 0.61, while the optimized sequence had a CAI of 0.92. Percentage of codon having high-frequency distribution was improved to 67%. Restriction analysis confirmed cloning of the CtxB gene into pET28a vector. Western blotting showed specific reactivity of recombinant protein with anti-CTX antibody. The total yield of purified protein was 9 mg/l. The results indicated that CtxB gene optimization is a useful approach to high-level expression of recombinant protein. The protein could be produced in capsulated form for oral immunization purpose.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight months of resistive training on growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor1 (IGF1), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein3 (IGFBP3) plasma levels in patients with severe burns. The research method used in this study was of the individual-case type with multiple base lines for the participants. The examinees of this study included two women with severe burns (third degree) in the age range of 20 to 30 years confined in the Central Accidents and Burns Hospital, Isfahan, Iran. After determining the base-line position, the participants were entered into the project in a ladder step-by-step format. During the 8 months of individual intervention, they did the resistive training and one month after the finishing of the intervention period, they were put under follow-up examinations for 2 months. The measuring tool for this study was the blood tests taken for measuring GH, IGF1, and IGFBP3 plasma levels, which were taken at the fasting morning time and 24 hours after the exercises at the end of each month. Based on the visual analysis and descriptive statistical indexes, the resistive training in both examinees had caused a significant change in the GH, IGF1 and IGFBP3 plasma levels; as the percentage of non-overlapping data (PND) was 75% for the first and 87.5% for the second examinee in GH level, and 100% for both examinees in IGF1 and IGFBBP3 levels. It seems that long-term resistive training can cause elevation of the plasma level of some growth factors in patients with severe burns or it can prevent the reverse process and intense decline in these factors after the burn takes place. In addition, it would make these patients become free of the need for frequent surgeries and using different equipments.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with unknown origin. Several etiologic factors have been attributed to the pathogenesis of RA, which is substantially derived by inflammatory factor. Trace elements (TE) including selenium, zinc and copper are components of several fundamental enzymes in the oxidative pathways which play crucial role in the prevention of cellular oxidative stress induced by superoxides and free radicals. The current study aimed to assess the relationship between serum values of the trace elements and RA disease activity. On this purpose, searching of available electronic databanks by relative keywords and without any time limitation performed. The serum levels of selenium, zinc, and zinc/copper ratio in patients with RA were lower than those values in age- and sex-matched healthy control individuals; but zinc had a positive correlation with serum levels of albumin and negative relation with disease duration. Furthermore, copper was positively correlated to disease activity and there was no association between serum level of copper and age or gender. There was a relationship between lower values of selenium and number of affected joints in RA. It can be concluded that there is a relationship between serum values of trace elements and RA development and disease activity.