فصلنامه پژوهش های مدیریت در ایران
سال هجدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 83، بهار 1393)

Scheduling plays an important role in the development and success of the project; this has always been one of the main issues considered in operations and management science researches. Another reason for the focus of much research into it is the difficult nature of this problem. Therefore، special techniques and methods have been proposed to solve this problem. On the other hand، in order to intensify sanctions on foreign delaying projects، timely completion of projects has been accelerated. Therefore، attention to project robustness subject to project managements. In this article، a real issue is scheduled for a robust scheduling model of a refinery project. Since project scheduling has resource constraints such NP-Hard problems، simulated annealing algorithm was proposed to solve this problem. In order to validate the model، 4 problems with small size were chosen and the solutions obtained by the proposed algorithms were compared with the exact solution obtained by Lingo8 software. The results showed that the proposed algorithm is efficient and convergent to the optimal solution.

This paper seeks to describe an integrated management systems approach for the integration of corporate sustainability into other marketing models in I. R. Iran''s Automotive industry. At the first step، an extensive review of the published literature was conducted and an original framework for structuring the integration of corporate sustainability with other marketing models was determined. Then the framework was developed by experts with qualitative methodologies such as deep interview and open questionnaire. Finally، the research conceptual model was revised and completed by focus groups. The results showed that Internal Marketing، Integrated Cultural Marketing، Social Marketing، Innovated Marketing، Lean Marketing، Strategic Marketing، Green Marketing، Ethical Marketing and Humanity Marketing are effective in realization of sustainable marketing in I. R. Iran''s Automotive industry. Finally، after discussion، some research and practical suggestions are presented.

This paper discusses the problems of those full fuzzy linear programming in which all parameters and variables are fuzzy. Fuzzy optimal solution is real when all constraints of the model are satisfaied and a crisp optimal solution can not be optimal solution of the fuzzy problem. New methods are proposed، evaluated، and compared to find the fuzzy optimal solution of full fuzzy linear programming problems with equality and inequality constraints، including Dehghan et. al.، Lotfi et. al.، Momeni et. al.، and Kumar et al.، methods. Also the use of ranking function for defuzzification of the model and the use of fuzzy slack variables for converting dequity fuzzy constraints to equity ones are proposed. Since، working with triangular fuzzy number is more easier than others، for numerical examples، common triangular fuzzy numbers and LR triangular fuzzy numbers have been used. To illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed methods، different numerical examples have been solved.

Appropriate methods for prediction of future trends in capital markets lead to a better decision making for market participants. Classic methods don not perform well in prediction of financial markets due to the nonlinear and chaotic nature of these markets. Moreover، information extracted from data disappear quickly، so these method are not workable in the long run. The goal of this paper is using ant colony optimization algorithm for prediction of Tehran Stock Exchange''s total return index (TEDPIX) data. First، we used the largest Lyapunov exponent to the consider chaotic nature of TEDPIX and then the ant colony optimization paradigm we employed to analyze topological structure of the attractor behind the given time series and to single out the typical sequences corresponding to the different parts of the attractor. The typical sequences were used to predict the time series values. Eventually with respect to MSE، RMSE and MAE، ACO has lower error than GARCH and EGARCH models; however، Diebold Marino test shows that there is no difference if we use ACO or GARCH models for prediction; this represents that differences of error for different models in this article are very little. This article with detachment of typical sequences allows a structural method for prediction of chaotic data. So in prediction of data with many fluctuations and in long term، it can result to a better predictions. The algorithm of this paper is able to provide robust prognosis to the periods comparable with the horizon of prediction.

This paper، based on the stochastic frontier approach (SFA)، measures the technical efficiency (TE) of Iranian manufacturing industries under the estimation of Translog production function used by the maximum likelihood technique. The findings indicated that out of 140 evaluated industries in this study، 5 industries including the refined primary copper products، cleaning and grading، packing pistachios، manufacture of motor vehicles، manufacture of plastics in primary forms and manufacture of plastics in primary forms، and of synthetic rubber have had the highest efficiency in 2009. The results also demonstrated that 4 industries; manufacture of food and beverages، manufacture of tobacco، manufacture of plastic except the footwear، and finally، Manufacture of lifting and handling equipment have experienced the greatest change for efficiency during the period 1995-2009 among the industries.

By using consistency service quality enhancement techniques، service failure possibility is not entirely obliterated even so. In a competitive environment، minimizing time break between the service failure perception and the service recovery with the lowest cost is one of the fast responsiveness companies’ requirements. In this article، modeling service failure response time has been considered، and not only service recovery chain profit optimization was carefully planned but also satisfaction of the consumers who were disturbed by a service failure was considered profoundly. Inconsistency between the optimization of service recovery chain’s total benefit and the existing sections or firms’ local benefit was modeled by bi-level programming approach. The core recovery firm or department plays leader character، and in lower levels، there are firms or departments as followers that make local decisions in the service recovery chain. In this article، a heuristic algorithm was developed to solve the model، and by means of an applied case study، aspects of the results analysis were also riverweed.

Performance assessment is one of the activities، which has many advantages and can have a considerable effect on the performance of organizations. Inadequate accountability of senior managers of marketing in recent years has incurred a loss to the position of marketing unit. As a result، studying the effect of marketing activities on organizational performance is specifically important. Framework of marketing productivity shows that it is possible to establish a relation between marketing activities and organizational performance. On the other hand، results of studies in many academic fields conducted about a specific issue are usually confusing and contrasting. Meta-analysis is a research approach that helps the researcher to a large extent to identify the moderating variables in the results of previous studies. Despite that various researches have been conducted، such contrast is also observed in the relation between marketing activities and organizational performance. Characteristics of the research sample can be referred among the several reasons that have been mentioned for such divergence in similar studies. It was tried in the present survey to identify the role of moderating variables the regarding characteristics of the research sample in relation between marketing activities and organizational performance using meta-analysis approach. Given to the use of meta-analysis approach in the present paper، the statistical population consisted of all previous studies، which have explained and measured the relationship among marketing activities and organizational performance، and the researcher had access to them. On the basis of searching in the mentioned databases، 523 studies were gathered. With regard to the meta-analysis standards and the researcher constraints، ultimately 142 studies were selected to implement the mete–analysis method. The obtained results revealed that the moderating variables related to the characteristics of the research sample like the kind of industry، type of ownership of the organization and so on have led to a significant difference in the results of studies regarding the effect of marketing activities on the organizational performance of organizations.

Supply chain (SC) management aims to increase the overall profit through improvement of various activities and components. Many contradictions between parts and different levels of a SC have been identified in order to achieve overall objectives. Such shortfalls may result in decreased strength and competitiveness of the SC. The basics of game theory make it a suitable and reliable tool for solving contradiction situations by considering all levels and players goal. For Solving the problem mentioned above، game theory approach besides coordination mechanism are performed in this research. First of all an unlimited three echelon supply chain including S suppliers، M manufacturers and K retailers are considered. For this matter، a mathematical cooperative model based on specific assumptions is proposed. The model was performed in a numerical example and it is solved by genetic algorithm. The sensitivity analysis of proposed model was analyzed by design of experiment and finally the verification of the cooperative model is assessed by simulation and Arena software.

Over the years، political behavior has been one of topics of interest to researchers in the field of organizational behavior. The reason for this interest is the extensiveness of this type of behavior in the organizations. This study، with regarding political skill and political will as moderating variables، considers the impact of perceptions of organizational politics on political behavior. The statistical population consists of managers and workers of water industry. In this research، the stratified (classified) sampling is used. To collect data، the questionnaire from five-option Likert scale was used، and the validity and reliability for each variable were confirmed. The data analysis was done by structural equation modeling، and path analysis by using LISREL software and Smart PLS. The results showed that perceptions of politics lead to political behavior، and political will moderates the relationship between the perceptions of politics and the political behavior. In this research، the moderating role of political skill was not confirmed.

In recent years، continuing growth in technology and strengthening competitiveness through the business environment have led websites to be a key instrument to communicate with stakeholders. Therefore، website effectiveness is considered as a vital factor to attract and retain customers. It is worthy to mention that despite of investing heavily in establishing websites by most of organizations، they do not attain their initial objectives، and the performance of websites is not satisfying. One of the critical reasons of such failures is the lack of proper website evaluation framework for practical use. In this vein، many studies have been conducted to identify the critical factors influencing on the website performance or quality ranging from Internet marketing researches to information systems design and human–computer interactions. This study identifies the factors، which must be taken into account in evaluating a website، using content analysis of 130 relative articles published between 1995 to 2011. We used Shannon Entropy to prioritize the most cited factors and their measurements based on computing the entropy of information and frequencies of addressing them in these articles. Based on the obtained results، we proposed a conceptual framework including 6 major factors: information quality، visual appearance، usability، customer support، technical features، and vendor''s specific quality and reputation.