Journal of Pathobiology Reaearch
Volume:17 Issue: 1, 2014

It is hypothesized that stem cells have the capability to form tumors after transplantation. Spermatogonial stem cells have proliferation potency and colonization ability related to express pluripotency genes such as c-Myc. The primary aim of this study is to investigate tumorigenicity ability of these cells after in vitro cultivation and inoculation in athymic animals.

Spermatogonial stem cells from 3-5 day-old neonatal mice testes (NMRI) were cultured following two-step enzymatic digestion. After one month of culturing the spermatogonial stem cells, the obtained colonies were identified by Oct4 and PLZF markers. Expressions of Nanog, Oct4 and c-Myc pluripotency genes were subsequently studied. We subcutaneously inoculated 5 x 106 cells into athymic mice and assessed tumor formation after 8 weeks. Mouse embryonic stem cells (CCE line) were used as the positive control. Generated tumors were measured by a caliper.

The colonies expressed Oct4 and PLZF proteins. Ratio of pluripotency gene expressions in these cells compared to embryonic stem cells significantly decreased (P≤0.05). Mouse embryonic stem cells formed tumors however the spermatogonial colonies did not form any tumors.

Mouse spermatogonial stem cells in comparison with embryonic stem cells are not capable of forming tumors in vivo. We have observed that the tumorigenic ability of these cells decreased significantly with down regulation of pluripotency gene expressions, particularly c-Myc. However, this study should be reassessed by using human tissue samples.

In recent decades, the anticancer effect of curcumin has been proven by several studies. Curcumin affects multiple cell signaling pathways and prevents cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. However, the aqueous solubility of curcumin and its bioavailability are very low which restricts its anticancer properties. In this research, we have synthesized a monomethoxy poly (ethylene glycol)-Oleate (mPEG-OA) di-block copolymer and used a surface PEGylated poly (amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer to improve bioavailability of curcumin in cancer cells.

Thecritical micelle concentration (CMC) of mPEG-OA, drug loading efficiencies, and cytotoxicity in the human glioblastoma cell line (U87MG) of all the prepared nanodevices were thoroughly investigated.

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies have shown that mPEG-OA have two common nanostructures, micelles and polymerosomes. mPEG-OA micelles had a very low CMC (0.03 g/l). The IC50 of free curcumin (0.01 methanol solution) was 48 μM, curcumin-loaded mPEG-OA was 24 μM, and curcumin-loaded PAMAM dendrimer was 13 μM. Moreover, the PEGylated PAMAM was non-cytotoxic.

The results indicated that by using these nanocarriers, the bioavailability of curcumin significantly increased compared to free curcumin. Overall, this research revealed that these curcumin nanocarriers could be considered as appropriate drug delivery systems for curcumin delivery in cancer cells.

The goal of the current research was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on C-reactive protein (CRP) and lipid profile in overweight-obese women with subclinical hypothyroidism.

This study enrolled 23 women who suffered from subclinical hypothyroidism. Patient's average age was 41.08±6.56 years and BMI was >25 kg/m2. Subjects, following medical screening, were objectively selected and randomly divided into two groups, control (N=13) and experimental (N=10). Initially, patient's height, weight, BMI, waist ratio, and WHR were measured in addition to serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C, CRP, T4 and TSH. Then, the experimental group participated in aerobic exercise. The control group received no intervention other than follow up. After 12 weeks all variables were remeasured. For intra group comparison of data t-test was used and for group comparison, we used the independent t-test (P≤0. 05).

After 12 weeks of symphonic aerobic exercise in the experimental group, body composition that included weight, BMI, waist ratio, WHR, and levels of cholesterol, LDL-C, CRP and TSH were significantly reduced. There was no significant change in triglycerides, however we observed increased T4 and HDL-C levels. In the control group LDL-C and CRP were significantly increased.

The reduction of cardiovascular disease through reduction of body composition and low density cholesterol among over weight-obese subclinical hypothyroidism women is possible through weight reduction with aerobic exercises.