Gene, Cell and Tissue
Volume:1 Issue: 2, Jul 2014

The emergence of antibiotic resistance among clinical and nonclinical bacteria is a global public health problem. Klebsiella Pneumoniae is one of the most pathogens that contains a variety of gens and shows resistance to many antibiotics. Perpetual monitoring of the resistant bacteria is an important in order to limit the development of resistance among these pathogens.. The current study aimed to monitor the prevalence of tetA and tetB resistance genes in Klebsiella Pneumoniae species isolated from the patients with urinary tract infection who hospitalized in Mir Hospital of Zabol, Iran from 2011 to 2012.. In the present cross-sectional study, a total of 30 strains of K. pneumoniae were isolated from urine cultures of hospitalized patients in Mir Hospital (Zabol, south-east of Iran) who had urinary tract infections from 2011 to 2012. Antibiotic susceptibility of isolates was evaluated for four antibiotics including ceftazidime, cefixime, tetracycline and erythromycin using standard Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The K. pneumoniae genome was extracted by simple boiling method, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method also was used to detect tetA and tetB genes by specific pair of primers.. The K. pneumonia isolates were resistant to erythromycin (70%), cefixime (53.3%), tetracycline (50%) and ceftazidime (36.6%). The amplification of tetA and tetB genes of K. pneumonia revealed that all of the isolates harbored these genes.. Resistance to tetracycline and other antibiotics, and the presence of various resistance genes in K. pneumonia strains are alarming signs in Zabol area. The current study strongly recommends limiting the consumption of antibiotics including tetracycline. Further studies should be conducted in order to find out the extent of the problem in other areas..

Uterine Leiomyoma (UL) is the most common gynecological tumor and a public health problem. Higher serum interleukin 4 (IL-4) level, as an anti-inflammatory cytokine that regulates TH1/TH2 cells balance, has been observed in the uterine cavity.. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between IL4 gene variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism and the risk of UL in southeast of Iran.. Patients and We compared of 99 patients with UL with that of 102 healthy controls. The IL4 VNTR polymorphism was genotyped by gel electrophoresis after PCR amplification.. There was no significant association between RP*1/RP*2 and RP*2/RP*2 genotypes and UL; however, a significant association between RP*2/RP*2 genotype and UL was found after adjustment for age (OR, 4; 95% CI, 1.3-12.4; and P = 0.015). The frequency of RP*2 allele was significantly higher in women with UL (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-3.5; and P = 0.03).. The IL4 VNTR RP*2/RP*2 genotype could be an age-related risk factor for UL. Moreover, the frequency of RP*2 allele was significantly higher in women with UL..

A candidate gene for hereditary prostate cancer (PC), recently identified is the RNASEL gene on the chromosome loci 1q25. This gene mediates the apoptotic and antiviral activities of interferon. In some studies, a significant relationship has been reported between the chromosome 1q24-25 (HPC1) and prostate cancer risk, while some other studies did not approve.. The aim of this study was to determine the association between R462Q mutation and prostate cancer in a cross-sectional study..Patients and One hundred twenty one samples from 51 patients with sporadic PC and 70 patients with non-cancerous prostate were screened for the R462Q mutation. All samples were formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded. The samples were investigated by the use of amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) PCR, followed by gel electrophoresis. To analyze the data the Fisher’s exact and Chi-square tests were used. Statistical analyses were performed, using SPSS 17 software program.. The present study findings showed that RR, RQ and QQ genotypes compromised 82, 14, and 4% of the cancerous samples and 87, 13 and 0 % of the non-cancerous samples, respectively.. We did not find any association between the RNASEL Arg462Gln polymorphism and prostate cancer. Based on these results the RNASEL Gln/Gln genotype does not play an important role in the etiology of sporadic prostate cancer, in the general population. However, additional studies with bigger sample sizes are needed to more clearly explain the role of RNASEL mutations in hereditary prostate cancer..

Cisplatin, as an antineoplastic drug widely used for treatment of solid tumors, induces renal toxicity by free radical formation.. The aim of the present study was to identify the histological changes of renal parenchyma after a single dose injection of cisplatin in rat, as an experimental model..Patients and Twenty adult male Sprague Dawley rats, weighting about 210 ± 30 g, were randomly divided into experimental (10) and control (10) groups. The experimental group received a single dose injection of cisplatin intraperitoneally (5 mg/kg). One week after the injection, rats of both groups received deep anesthesia and were scarified. The tissue samples were removed and the prepared sections were stained by H&E and periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) methods. The slides were used for both histopathological and morphometric studies. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS.. Statistical analysis by Mann-Whitney test showed that there was a significant difference in the height of epithelium between the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) of the experimental and control groups (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the urinary space diameter between the experimental and control groups. Focal tubular necrosis and vacuolar and eosinophilic degenerations were more prominent in the experimental group.. It seems that cisplatin can induce many quantitative and qualitative changes in proximal and distal convoluted tubules of nephron in rats..

The attention of the scientific community has been recently focused on the role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in non-small-cell cancer and there is a convergence of results, supporting a direct proportionality between lymphocytic infiltrate and good prognosis.. The aim of our research was to investigate the immune response around and inside the small-cell lung neoplastic tissue and its related neo-lymphangiogenesis in a group of 20 patients.. We have examined 20 bioptic samples of small cell lung cancer, obtained from 18 men and two women, aged 56-74 years old. Besides hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemistry for neuroendocrine markers (CD56, chromogranin) and D2-40 was performed following the standard protocols.. Our histological analysis, in all cases has emerged the absence of an immune response supported by an adequate neo-lymphangiogenesis inside the neoplasia.. The absence of an immune response is interpreted as a sign of tissue tolerance and host acceptance towards the cancer, in favor of the cancer metastatic spread. The development of a paraneoplastic syndrome can be considered a biochemical proof of this tissue compatibility..