Archives of Hygiene Sciences
Volume:3 Issue: 3, Summer 2014

of the Study: Dust is one of the detrimental factors in workplace of tile industry. Exposure to excessive amount of dust can create various hazards to the workers. Therefore, the present study aimed to measure the concentration of environmental and respirable dust in air of Birjand Niloofar tile Industry. In the present study, using personal and environmental sampling method, the concentration of total and respirable dust was measured. The concentration of dust determined with gravimetric method. Measurement of dust in Niloofar tile No. 1, 2 and 3 showed the highest level of total dust was in Niloofar tile No.2 in tile crusher station (120.71 mg/m3). The maximum amount of respirable dust found in the mentioned station in Niloofar tile No.2 (370.35 mg/m3). The results showed among the three factories, Niloofar tile factory No. 3 had the lowest dust concentration and Niloofar tile factory No. 2 especially crusher station had the highest dust concentration. Therefore, prevention strategies should be considered in stations with higher dust concentration regarding to reducing of exposure to high level of dust.

of the Study: Due to one-way flow of water in rivers Guilan, pollution trade theory and the system of Ratio-Trade (TRS) and Streeter - Phelps equation has been used. This system, with a view of the river self- purification and how the distribution and transport of pollutants, determined Ratio-Trade system (TRS) between the units and using this method offers optimal pattern of pollution trade between emissions units. Generally implementation of pollution trading plan was performed using transmission coefficient in the study area in 5 stages: zonation of the study area, qualitative changes in the dissolved oxygen (DO) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) along the Langeroud river, defining the standard total output load for each region and the initial allocation between the emission sources, defining the transmission coefficients between the emission sources and different regions, trading ratio model (TRS) Proving the implementation of pollution trading implementation in the urban and industrail units wastewaters in Langeroud and offering the buy and selling plan among these units, traditional livestock laughter unit will produce 30 m3/day, Langeroud urban sewage produces 15705 m3/day and the tanning unit produces 18 m3/day waste water daily. The cost of Emissions trading differs between countries because the Marginal Abatement Cost Curve (MAC) — the cost of eliminating an additional unit of pollution — differs by country. It is expected that trade can only function and contribute to the improvement of water quality when it is considered a cheaper option, i.e. cheaper than the violation of a permit limit.

of the Study: The use of qualitative indicators is one of the ways of water quality of river water. The purpose of this study is Khorramrood River of Khorramabad of water quality using water quality index (NSFWQI) and GIS that is a Geographic Information System. In this cross-sectional study, qualitative parameters needed to calculate NSFWQI index that including pH, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, biochemical oxygen demand, turbidity, temperature, phosphate, nitrate and fecal coliform six months of 2012 at six stations using were measured using standard methods. For River zonation was used GIS software. Results showed that the highest index of NSFWQI in the first station was observed 82 and the lowest was 42 in the sixth station. Average scores on the six months of the study was equal 58.05 and the river water quality based on the median of six months in the classes of water quality was average. The first station to the last station before going to more water pollution and the numerical values ​​of the parameters are reduced. Based on the average results of the study, the water quality was good at the first stations and the second, third, fourth was average, and was bad at fifth and sixth station. Indices studied by describing the state of water quality of sampling stations during the study period,it was provide the possibility of decision for the relevant authorities about how water is used in different parts of it

of the Study: Sulfur dioxide is a component of greatest concern and is used as an indicator for the larger group of gaseous sulfur oxides (SOx). Sulfur dioxide can be absorbed into your body through the nose and lungs, its reaction with the moisture in the nose and nasal cavity, and entering the circulatory system directly through the airways. The aim of this study is to assess health- effects of exposure Sulfur dioxide in Ahvaz city during 2012. The Sulfur dioxide data was taken from Ahvaz Department of Environment and Meteorological Organization. The different health endpoints of sulfur dioxide in Ahvaz in 2012 were calculated by a model. We utilized the relative risk values and baseline incidence measures by the WHO (Middle East) drawn from health effects association of sulfur dioxide. To use these raw data, we processed the data by Excel software, and then the impact of meteorological parameters was converted as input file to Air Q model. Finally, health-effects of exposure to sulfur dioxide were calculated According to the findings, the highest and the lowest sulfur dioxide concentrations during 2012 were observed in Downtown “Naderi” and Bureau of Meteorology “Havashenasi”, respectively. The average annual concentration of measured sulfur dioxide was 160 μg/m3. Total numbers of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular death attributed to sulfur dioxide were respectively 37 and 165 in 2012. This could be due to higher gasoline consumption of vehicles, oil industry, steel, and heavy industries in Ahwaz. Prevention and control measures to reduce people’s exposure to sulfur dioxide pollution can very useful.

of the Study: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and predictors of adolescent overweight and obesity among Iranian adolescents. Adolescent overweight and obesity are worldwide public health problems which play important roles in well-being. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents aged 14‐19 years old. A cross sectional study was conducted among 430 adolescents aged 14-19 years old from urban schools of Ardabil, Iran in 2014. The collected data were analyzed by binary logistic regression analysis using SPSS-18;A P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 99 subjects (23.1%) were undernourished, 43 (10 %) were overweight while 30 (7.3%) were obese. Frequent fast food consumption was found to increase the odds of malnutrition (OR=1.4) while adequate daily physical activity (OR=0.7) and frequent fruit intake (OR=0.6) were inversely correlated. Overweight and obesity are highly prevalent among adolescents, and health promotion strategies to change adolescents’ life style such as controlling the growth of fast food eating culture, promoting frequent fruit and vegetable intakes, and encouraging them to do adequate amount of daily physical activity are required.

of the Study: According to the high prevalence of mental problems of infertility in infertile women and the necessity of identifying their mental statuses to carry out interventions to help them، the present study aims a comparative study of psychological well-being، meta-emotion، and resiliency in fertile and infertile women.. This study is a A case-control study was conducted on infertile women who referred to health centers of Gonabad، Iran. The subjects are 80 infertile women and 80 fertile women selected via an available sampling method. Questionnaires of resiliency، psychological well-being، and meta-emotion were employed، and the data were analyzed by SPSS software and multivariate variance analysis test (MANOVA). Significant differences were observed in terms of psychological well-being (p<0. 01)، positive meta-emotion (p<0. 05)، and resiliency (p<0. 01).. thus، infertile women showed lower level records than fertile women. Lower levels of psychological well-being، positive meta-emotion and resiliency in infertile women confirms the importance of attending to infertile women’s mental health and emotional statuses even more.

Existence of thousand tons of animal wastes and sullage in urban and rural areas in our country is dangerous for environment and it causes the increase of greenhouse gases. Growing trend of energy consumption also causes crisis of energy shortage in the world and as well consumption of fossil fuels produces pollutant gases. Thus using clean and renewable energy is an important subject in every country now. One of these energies is biogas energy that not using of it increasing the pollution in urban and rural areas. Production of biogas through decomposition of wastes can provide both a part of energy required and solution to household waste dispose and reduction of environment pollutants. This is a narrative study that investigated how to produce biogas, with an overview of the importance and advantage of using biogas in 1998 to 2014. Current study explains how organic materials decompose by anaerobic bacteria. It also illustrates different technology for landfill gas collection system. The biogas application and advantage of industrial using is also evaluated. It is also offered a model for obtain the rate of biogas production base on first order kinetic reaction.