نشریه پرستاری و مامایی ارومیه
سال دوازدهم شماره 10 (پیاپی 63، دی 1393)

Incidence of medical emergencies in the dental office is not uncommon and is challenging for the dentist and the patient. Cardiopulmonary arrest is one of the most important medical emergencies and CPR is a vital component and the first step in responding to it, Therefore, having knowledge in this field is essential for dental students. This study aimed to determine the Level of Knowledge and Attitude in Dentistry students about Principles of CPR. This cross sectional study was conducted on 60 dentistry clinic students in Urmia University of Medical Sciences. Data collecting instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire with 56 items in 4 parts: Demographic, knowledge of basic CPR, knowledge of advanced CPR, and attitudes about CPR. After entering the collected data to the SPSS (19) program, data analysis was performed by using descriptive-analytical statistics. The results indicated that from 60 participants in the study, 38/3% were male and 94/2% were single, and the mean age was 23/84. Level of knowledge about principles of basic and advanced CPR was very poor. 95% of the participants did not have any theoretical and practical training during their education in this regard. Also, none of the samples had the background of observation or participation of CPR. The findings confirm that level of knowledge of clinic students of dentistry in the field of CPR is not appropriate. Therefore, effective steps must be taken to enhance the level of knowledge and attitude of dentistry students. It is suggested to organize workshops or to submit protocols about CPR and especially to corporate specific theoretical and practical CPR courses in the pre-clinic or clinic curriculum in the dentistry schools.

Adolescent pregnancy is a complex issue, and it is considered as a social- health problem. Present study aimed to examine the experiences of teenage mothers of their pregnancy and motherhood in Tabriz city. In this qualitative phenomenological study, purposive sampling was used to select participants among women referred to Tabriz health centers, and it continued up to data saturation. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 11 adolescent mothers in the age of 15-19 years and were analyzed using conventional content analysis. 6 categories including need to family support, need to education, physical complications, religious beliefs, feeling of capability and maturation and negative feelings due to early pregnancy and parenting were merged. Comprehensive support and achieving to self-esteem were the main themes that were identified in this study. Becoming a mother during the adolescence is a difficult struggle because of inexperience, unprepared for motherhood and relying on others for support. Based on the findings of this study, adolescent mothers need to get a comprehensive support. In addition doing motherhood responsibility properly can help achieving mothers’ self-esteem. Support of spouse, family members, and also health care providers to this vulnerable group can have a positive impact on physical and emotional condition of adolescent mothers and their infants.

Agitation of patients undergoing mechanical ventilation can influence their vital signs and treatment process. Vital signs increased due to patients’ agitation, and it can delay patient’s healing process. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of touch on the vital signs of agitated patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. This study was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design that performed on 35 agitated patients (with Richmond scores of +2-+4) that undergone mechanical ventilation. Intervention applied in two modes: being present beside patient with and without wrist touching. The vital signs (heart rate, respiration rate, temperature, systolic and diastolic blood pressure) measured before and after intervention. Finally the data analyzed by descriptive and inferential (kolmogorov-smirnov and t tests) statistics in 5% p-value. Results showed in presence on patients besides mode with wrist touching, there was a significant decrease in heart rate, respiration and systolic blood pressure to another mode (P<0.001). However, there was no significant difference in temperature (P=0.651) and diastolic blood pressure (P=0.116) in two modes. The findings shows applying touch in agitated patients undergoing mechanical ventilation can be considered as an appropriate strategy in controlling vital signs.

Mastectomy is the most common treatment for breast cancer in Iran. Therefore, with increasing numbers of patients, evaluating their compatibility becomes apparent. The purpose of this study was to explain process of the compatibility with mastectomy in young women undergoing chemotherapy. This study is a grounded theory approach that participants were chosen purposefully based on theoretical sampling. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and the process were continued until data saturation. The data simultaneously were collected and analyzed by using Strauss and Corbin approach. Validity of the data were confirmed based on Lincoln and Goba criteria. The findings showed that the process of compatiblity in 23 young women participating mastectomy undergoing chemotherapy can be catogorized in 5 themes including crisis (context) ups and downs (condition), and loss of identity (phenomenon), vast support (confounders), trying to rebuild lives (strategy) and the Transplantation alongside living with mastectomy, which inturn had subcategories. The study revealed that process of compliance of young women with mastectomy obeys a complex process. By paying attention to t hese patients who have the fear of sudden health loss, and change in the perception of the body image, one can understand that they experienced severe stress and limitations. Therefore, the medical team can inform this process to the patients by counseling and educating them to facilitate its acceptance and adoption.

The main purpose of service providers groups is patient satisfaction. Assessment of mother satisfaction as a customer receiving health services is one of the indicators to evaluate the quality of these services. Find aspects of the services that is caused patient dissatisfaction and try removing them can be most effective and least costly way to increase the quality provided services. This study was conducted to determine the mothers's satisfaction from provided care in delivery unit in the Khoy Qamar Bani Hashem hospital in 2012. In this descriptive cross-sectinal study, 385 admitted women in delivery unit in the Khoy Qamar Bani Hashem hospital that they had inclusion criteria, attended in Convenience sampling way. Data collection tools was a questionnaire including demographic information and mothers satisfaction assessment form (containing 27 questions with Likert scale). Questionnaire validity and reliability was done by content validity and Cronbach's alpha (ᾳ=0/9). Mothers satisfaction assessment questionnaire was completed before discharge by interview. Data analysis was done by descriptive statistical indicators and chi2 tests 0/05 Significant level. Mothers overall satisfaction of provided care in delivery unit was 80/15 percent, mothers satisfaction of provided care before delivery 77/17 percent, during delivery 77/96 percent and after delivery 77/49 percent. the least mothers satisfaction level was explanation about infant feeding, newborn care, postpartum care and the physical conditions of labor and delivery room (2/6 percent completely satisfied). According to the need to educate patients on discharge, hospital authorities should set programs to eliminate existing deficiencies by laying the foundation for patient centered delivery care, education and appropriate physical environment in order to improve mothers satisfaction.

Increasing elderly population requires more attention to positive adaptation with this critical period of life. Applying nursing theories, particularly the Roy adaptation model can be effective in converting maladaptive into adaptive behavior, and ultimately enhancing the self-esteem of the elderly. This study tries to evaluate the effect of implementing care plan application based on Roy Adaptation Model on the self- esteem of the elderly people in Urmia nursing homes. The present study is an experimental pre and post test one. 60 elderly people who have inclusion criteria were selected through available sampling and were randomly divided into two groups of control (30) and intervention (30). Data collection tool was Rosenberg Self-esteem questionnaire that was completed before and after the intervention. The care plan was designed based on results that obtained from Roy assessment forms and was implemented as two sessions of the Elderly’s General Education and four individual sessions in order to manipulate the principal stimulants during a month and a half and was followed for a month. The data were analyzed via SPSS software v. 16, using descriptive and inferential statistical testes. Results showed that after intervention, the mean score of self-esteem in elderly were statistically significant between the two groups (P< 0.001). Elderly’s mean score of self-esteem in the intervention group after implementing care plan was increased. The Paired t-test showed a significant increase (P< 0.001). Implementing care plan based on Roy adaptation model had a positive influence on improving self- esteem of the elderly people. Therefore, nurses and other eldercare providers are suggested to reinforce adaptation in elderly, according to the nursing theories and health care programs, to improve self- esteem in the elderly in nursing homes.

Spiritual wellbeing is one of health predictors that provide important information about health care needs and help the individuals to cope with health crises. P sychometrics a ssessment and evaluation of research instruments can help researchers to ensure their validity and reliability to be used in different communities. The aim of this study was translation and evaluation of the psychometrics role of Paloutzian and Ellison’s spiritual wellbeing according to Wild and colleagues (2005) method. This study has a n exploratory design that recruited 130 oncology nurses working in 12 hospitals of Shahid Behesahti, Tehran, and Iran medical sciences universities by census method. First the “Paloutzian and Ellisson spiritual wellbeing scale (1983) was translated and adapted based on Wild and colleagues’ (2005) method. Then its content, face, criterion and construct validity as well as its reliability was determined by using CVI, correlation coefficient, factor analysis, alpha chronbach and test retest ways. By using CVI with 75% cut off point, no item was deleted from spiritual wellbeing scale. N umber 5 and 10 items had some ambiguity from participants’ point of view that we did some modifications. Factor analysis results indicated that the scale had two domains. In order to obtain criterion validity of scale, we used the Dealman and colleagues spirituality index of wellbeing as criterion indicating that the two instruments correlations was r= 0/46. Chronbach alpha coefficient of s piritual wellbeing and religious wellbeing subscales were α= 0/78 and α= 0/64 respectively. Reliability coefficient was (r = 0/56) which was obtained by using test retest in two administrations of scale with 2 weeks interval. Persian version of ‘ Paloutzian and Ellisson ’ spiritual wellbeing scale (1983) has a proper validity and reliability in oncology nurses population. We suggest the application of it in other medical and nursing studies.

One of the concerns during IUD insertion is fear of pain and discomfort. Providers usually underestimate client`s pain. This study compares midwives assessment of pain and maximum client pain in the IUD insertion procedure. One hundred and twenty six women that wanted to insert IUD were included in the study at Urmia health centers. Participants rated the pain using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) 0-10 cm at different times. Midwives assessed clients` pain just after termination of the IUD insertion process. Spearman and Wilcoxon tests and also descriptive analysis were used to analysis data using the SPSS v. 20 Software. Mean maximum client pain was 4.56 ± 2.15. There was a positive correlation between the anticipated client pain before IUD insertion and also estimated pain by midwives with the maximum pain reported by participants (p<0.001). There was a significant difference between the mean pain score estimated by midwives and the maximum patient pain during the IUD insertion procedure (p<0.001). Midwives underestimate the pain during IUD insertion. Question of anticipated patient pain might be helpful in counseling process prior to the IUD insertion procedure and also in probable selecting pain decreasing routes.

Phenylketonuria is a childrenʾs metabolic with severe mental retardation. The mothers of these children are responsible for the caring and education of their children. This can affect their quality of life. This study is carried out with the goal of determining the effect of applying Orem self-care model on the quality of life of the mothers having children with phenylketonuria. This is a quasi-experimental study that conducted on 31 mothers of children with phenylketonuria who had file in Amin hospital in Isfahan city. Data collection tools consisted of demographic information, health status form base on Orem model and the instrument of quality of life measurement SF-36. Quality of life Scores were determined in a pre-test and the health status forms were completed. Then educational needs were determined and essential education was given during two sessions (2 hours) within two months, individually. After one months of the last educational session, the quality of life questionnaire was completed again and the results were analyzed by SPSS-16 software using descriptive statistics, paired T test, one way ANOVA and χ2. After applying Orem self-care model, the mean of quality of life in total were improved from 64/58 before intervention to 113/80 after intervention which is statistically meaningful (P value<0/05). Application of self-care programs based on educational needs can enhance quality of life of mothers having children with Phenylketonuria and others with the same condition.

The main goal of this research is study of the internet addiction amount among students and its relationship between personality elements and anxiety The statistical population included all students of Urmia Medical Sciences University in which 300 individuals including (167 males and 133 females) and choosing by stratified sampling. They answered to three questionnaires such as Yang internet addiction (1998), Anxiety of Najarian (1375) and A & B personality type. Data analysis is performed by SPSS software and using descriptive and inferential statistics such as Pearson correlation, regression and independent t test. The results show that amount of males internet addiction is more than females (P<0. 005). There is positive and significant relationship between internet addiction and anxiety (P<0. 01). Also persons with A personality type be accustomed more than persons with B personality type (P<0. 005) and variables such as gender, anxiety and academic field can predict internet addiction significantly. In general it can be helped to make optimal use of the internet to susceptible individuals of internet addiction with the underlying factors.

Osteoporosis in women is a growing public health problem that is associated with irreversible effects. With regard to the important role of reproductive factors on bone mineral density in women that this study will be done with the aim of determining the relationship between fertility factors and decreased bone density in women. In this descriptive - cross sectional study, 215 women above 30 who were free of diseases affecting bone density were selected using available sampling. The tool for collecting data was a two-part questionnaire with demographic information and a checklist of fertility factors. Bone density was calculated with DEXA technique using Hologic device in area L1-L4 and Femoral neck. Spss 17th Edition and statistical analysis tests were used for data analysis. The findings showed that mean and SD of age, height, weight and BMI of samples, were respectively 54. 36±8 year. and 155.53± 6.30 cm and 72.05± 10.99 Kg and 29.88 ± 4.64 Kg / m 2.Among participants 163 (75.8%) were postmenopausaland 52 (24. 2%) were premenopausal. According to the regression model, among fertility factors studied, the number of delivery is the only predictor of femoral neck and lumbar spine T-score in postmenopausal women studied (p <0.05). Breastfeeding duration had a significant relationship with rate of positive changes in femoral neck in premenopausal women and duration of use of contraceptive pills with negative changes rates in both areas studied found in premenopausal women (p <0.05). Given the key role of reproductive factors on bone density in women, it is necessary to apply optimal measures and contrivance in reproductive ages in terms of calcium intake and other nutrients and lifestyle adjustments in order to prevent the burden some consequences of osteoporosis in nonreproductive ages by reducing the negative role of fertility factors.