مجله سلامت جامعه
سال سوم شماره 4 (تابستان 1388)

The satisfaction of service recipients is an important subject in health care evaluation and its analysis can be used in development and enhancement of acceptable activities or promote weak programs to a suitable range. In this study, the level of satisfaction in service recipients of health centers with family physician program in Northern provinces of Iran was evaluated. This study was cross-sectional descriptive-analytic performed during 2008 in rural regions and towns with an under 20000 population in Northern provinces of Iran. For sampling, at first 20% of health centers in which family physician program was doing were selected by chance (108 centers by Randomized systematic selection). In each center 7-10 service recipients (1057 persons) were interviewed and filled out a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by Chi-square, Fisher's Exact and Kendall's Test in SPSS. In this survey 709(66%) of interviewed individuals were female and 346 (34%) were male. The mean age was 37.6 years. There was no significant relationship between sex and the level of satisfaction, but age had significant relationship. The most of recipients (32.5%) could read and write and were passed primary school. The level of education and total satisfaction had reverse significant relationship. There was a significant relationship between type of assurance and the level of satisfaction. The level of satisfaction showed significant difference in different Universities. There was no significant relationship between location of house and job and the level of satisfaction. In general, the level of satisfaction in recipients was good, therefore managers of health centers should save the present situation although notification to needs and demands and improvement of services is essential.

The thyroid gland is one of the critical organs, that has the high sensitivity to radiation and the most important effect of radiation on thyroid is malignancy production, so for this reason this organ is known as a critical organ dose in radiobiology and protection. The main goal of this study was the measurement of thyroid absorbed dose in some common medical radiography. this research is a lab- experimental study, which is done on Rando phantom using three phase high frequency diagnostic radiology machine, film speed 400, and high speed intensifying screen and thermo luminescent dosimeters (TLD 100). In this study the TLD chips that were located in small radiolucent sachets were taped on the anterior surface of thyroid. We used special dosimeters for any radiographies separately, and finally the thermo luminescent dosimeters were read out with a Harshaw 3500 TLD reader, and the thyroid absorbed dose calculated in 12 different radiography. A according to the findings of this study which is carried out for evaluation of thyroid absorbed dose in chest, skull, thoracic spine, lumbar spine, abdomen and pelvis, the thyroid absorbed dose has not been in zero value. The maximum absorbed doses for this critical organ has been 0.68 ±0.03 mGy in thoracic vertebra (AP) and minimum absorbed dose has been 0.12±0.03 mGy in Chest x-ray (PA) respectively. Based on our findings in this research, it's defined that the thyroid absorbed dose in evaluated radiographies is not zero, even in some cases which the thyroid is very far from the radiation field; the scattered radiations will collide with this critical organ. Therefore, for prevention of stochastic effect of radiation on thyroid, we suggest that the radiation protection of thyroid in all radiographic procedures is essential.

Critical illnesses and subsequent hospitalization of a relative in an intensive care unit (ICU) leading many psycho-social stresses for patients and their family members. Managing of the stress among families is an integrate part of critical care nursing. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effects of a programmed education, provided during the first few days of patient's hospitalization on stress of the family carers in Isfahan hospitals of medical science university. This is a quasi- experimental study, performed on 96 primary family members of each critically ill patient who had been newly admitted to Isfahan hospitals recruited by a sequential random sampling over a period of three months. All of patient's family were trained psychosocial need-based to alleviate their stresses by an ICU nurse. Stress levels and scores were measured and compaired before and after education, using a three part questionnaire, including demographic, critical care family need inventory (CCFNI) and stress. The third part of questionnaire was designed based on the IES and DASS questionnaires. Tests of T and ANOVA were used by SPSS software, for data analysis. Our results showed that, the mean family psychosocial need scores of the before and after education were 65.44 ± 2.6 and 42.43 ±3, respectively, with a significant difference (p=0.000). T he majority family psychosocial need levels of the before education were (70.7%), and the after education were (100%) needs with a significant difference (p=0.000). M ost significant family reported is the need for information (90.7 ±6.3) for supportative (75.2 ±5.5) and proximity (67.7 ±6.3). Mean stress scores of the before and after education were 86.06 ± 9.7 and 43.3 ±6.8, respectively with a significant difference (p = 0.000). The level of stress before and after education was 98% and 92.7% respectively which the difference was significant (p=0.000). The reduction of family stress in this study support the effectiveness of providing families of newly admitted critically ill patients, with a need based education intervention to reduce stress, Therefore, probably planned educational programmes for the family members regarding psychosocial needs by nurses are important. Findings of this study possibly serve as guidance for nurses in delivering competent interventions.

Today’s children will make tomorrows society. Due to the pivotal role of nutrition in health and growth, it is important to great care be taken by the parents to understand the best method of nourishment in the most sensitive period of children. Therefore this project was designed to evaluate the knowledge of mothers who refer to the Khoy health centers for there less than 3 years old children for assessment of physical growth and health status. The research is a descriptive cross–sectional study which was conducted during three months during 2002 and mothers of under 3 years old children who refer to the health centers of Khoy were the target population. 70 mothers of under 3 years old children were randomly selected from research population. Data were collected by a questionnaire which was designed by researchers and were statistically analyzed by using SPSS software. Based on the research findings, 51.4% of mothers were 24 years and less and 45.7% of them did not finished high school. 5.7 %of mothers did not work out and 81.4% of them breast-feed their children. 50% of mothers had an average level of awareness about the nourishment and 57.1% of mothers had an average level of awareness about the physical growth of the children under 3 years old. However, the knowledge of mothers in this study was at median level, but the improvement of this knowledge regarding the status of their children is important in physical growth and health status of next generation.

The identification factors influencing students promotion and considering them is an important step in increasing educational performance. It is necessary to recognize the viewpoints of students regarding factors affecting their instructors’ educational performance. This study conducted to determine the factors affecting educational activities and performance of instructors from the viewpoints of students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences during 2009. In this descriptive study, 305 students of Rafsanjan Medical University were asked to fill out a questionnaire which has been designed based on Herzberg’s theory. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by content validity and test re-tests. The data was analyzed by SPSS software and used descriptive statistical methods. The finding indicated that the most of important factors affecting the educational activities and qualities were as follow: having motivate of innate interest for teaching (81%), nice description and ability to give understand (77.7%), civilizable and flexibility for modification (74.7%), prior readiness for instruction (73.4%), respectful behavior with students (71.6%), prettied and arranged appearance (70.8%) and interrelationship skills between educator and students (70.5%). No significant differences were observed in viewpoints of students with respects to their gender study branches. According to the points of view of students some factors especially personal characters affect the instructor educational activities and performances. These factors should be considered for promotion of the educational function and performance.

Entering the maturation period is accompanied with physiological change in all of body organs which may lead to dissatisfaction in this period. The satisfaction from figure and body size in adolescent is a key factor in mental health and self confidence in teenagers. This study was conducted to compare the body image satisfaction in boys and girl teenagers of Isfahan city high schools during year 20002-3. This descriptive co-relational one-group one step study performed on 400 female and male students of grade 5 and 6 of governmental secondary schools in Esfahan in school year 2002 to 2003. The subjects were selected by stratified random sampling. The data, collected by questionnaires, and were analyzed by descriptive inferential statistics using SPSS software. Our findings showed that there was a significant different between the body image satisfaction in both genders (22.215±5.113in boys and 20.995±5.56 in girls) (p=0/023). Although, dissatisfaction from body image is higher in girls than boys but in both genders, mean body image dissatisfaction was high. Therefore, It can probably concluded that teenage boys are also at risk the same as teenage girls. So more attention should be paid to these two groups of teenagers.

The infant delivery is one of the most attractive events that entail profound changes in family life such as alteration in functions and roles, and reorganization in relationships. Responsibility of parenting role both allows parents to develop and changes normal activities that is accompanied with stress. Adaptation to parent hood is associated with various challenges; hence this research has tried to study the meaning and nature of mother's role transition in this period. In this qualitative study with phenomenological method, the postpartum mothers were selected regarding purposive sampling in one of hospitals or health centers of Isfahan. Based on the reaching data saturation method the number of participant was 15. Data were gathered through in depth interview and analyzed by collizi method. Our results showed that mothers need to establish equilibrium between parenting role, individual role, spousal role, familial role and social role and this is an important mental challenge in this period for mothers. According to the various effective factors on parent' role transition such as parents age, quality of parents relationship, past experience, supporting systems, social & economical situation, etc… and with attention to complication of family developing, role of health care team to preparation mothers for their adaptation with new role is very important.