مجله پژوهش های بوم شناسی شهری
پیاپی 10 (پاییز و زمستان 1393)

In many large cities and dense spatial pattern of educational applications for various reasons، such as the placement of the annoying User Account industrial، military، hospitals، Oil Station، medical use… and the situation is not so good. Which cause undesirable physical and psychological impact on the quality of schools and students. Therefore، in this study high school in Ahwaz region 2 and 4، for example، has been studied. The Variables، office، residential، commercial، cultural، sports، landscape، military، religious، fire stations، Oil station، health - medical، industrial، Terminal and main street. In order to assess the effect of weighting the variables in the ultimate goal of FDAHP model is usedAfter determining the final weight of the item using Raster Calculator and multiplication، weight is applied in layers. In order to provide a final layer using the Raster Calculator and select the operand، the layers overlap with each other are combined. Final results of layer integration show that most of the schools in the district 2 are in a inappropriate state of adjacent and compatibility pattern with other adjacent uses. So spatial distribution pattern of high schools in district 2 is not eligible. spatial distribution pattern of high school in district 4 show that most schools of district 4 is in a proper state of placement and adjacent with compatible and incompatible uses. So spatial distribution pattern of high schools uses in district 4 is appropriate.

The aim of this research not only is prioritization of waterfalls of Lorestan province to investment but also، is selection one of them in order to introduce as a tourism sample area. Methodology. The statistical society was composed of seven main waterfalls of mentioned province and the community of tourism experts. The study method was an analytical-descriptive and practical method. Since، the specified index has not been offered to prioritization attractions from the organization in order to select sample areas so، some criteria and sub-criteria have been selected on the advice of tourism experts. Since، desired criteria had different values and validities in prioritization، so AHP method was the best method which in the importance of each criterion composed of quantitative and qualitative criteria was considered. So، prioritization has been done by using this method. The results showed that، Bisheh waterfall in the city of Dorood with the value of 0. 194 has the best situation for investment and also has sufficient potential in order to introduce as a tourism sample area. This was followed by the Nojian waterfall with the height of more than 90 meters and acquired value of 0. 147 which has the proper situation for investment. From most important short-term suggestions can be developed of access routes to waterfalls and increase of variety of services noted.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the urban systems in the province of West Azarbaijan and the distribution of the population in its cities، using suitable techniques and models based on statistical data analysis for the urban system in six periods and during the past 60 years. The methodology of research is descriptive-analytical and for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data، both Excel and ArcGIS are employed. Investigations conducted in this study conclude، that there are inconsistencies in many urban areas. The solution to the problem of the unbalance in the urban network is accurate planning compatible with each urban class and using various methods with focus on continuous and coordinated expansion and providing equal opportunities for all cities and distribution of the services، which is mentioned in the results of this paper.

The the provision of urban services، attention to many principles، including the principles of passive defense in structures، increase the efficiency of urban system in order to provision better services to citizens as well as the development of a sustainable city. According to the goals principles of passive defense، the prevention and mitigation of natural hazards and human، and as important capabilities of GIS in planning and better decision-making، this paper analysis the Loacation-Spatial disciplinary centers in the Birjand of city has been based on the principles of passive defense. The study of based goal، is practical and based the nature and purpose، descriptive-analytic. The method of Data collection is two libraries and survey. Technique used in the analysis،is the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)، based on experts opinion and paired comparison between indicators، 17 criteria and options for each criteria in Geographical information System. Results showed that more than 45. 89 percent of the city based on the principles of passive defense is good and very good. The General situation of the Location-Spatial Disciplinary centers in the Birjand in city is Almost Appropriate. However، to increase the good performance of these centers، in some cases need to be reviewed and changed.

Land-use change is a key factor in the development of the human and physical environment. Models of land-use change help understand this intricate system and can provide valuable information on possible future land-use configurations. Therefore، we investigated the changes in land use of Tabriz using satellite images taken in 1989 and 2005. We then modeled how these changes would alter the land uses for 2031 using effective parameters in Tabriz development and land Transformation model. Tabriz sharply in the past decade has faced changes in the urban land use. The results obtained from satellite images for years 1989 and 2005 represent increasingly changes، particularly agricultural land use and green spaces to built areas. With continue this process; Tabriz in the future will face a lot of challenges. The results of modeling of Tabriz in 2031 in this research show that more than 90 percent of the city will be built area and only 10 percent of the city''s green spaces will be assigned to the user. Forecasting of Tabriz development in this research show that، the built areas will increase 143 percent and area of agriculture land and green spaces will decrease to 11603 and 1919 hectare respectively. With the development of the city of Tabriz in the coming decades will be encountered with increasingly ecological and environmental problems.

Rapid growth of urban population Leads to complicated problems، Especially InOccurrence Social abnormalities. Increased crime in cities threatens security and comfort of citizens and disrupts social cohesion. The Physical Structure of the cities has a significant influence on the incidence of crime and creates different spatial distribution of crime in the cities. The Demographic and socio - economic characteristics In cases where the criminals live، is one of the essential elements of Ecological crime And other ecological element is where the crime occurred. paying attention to (CPTED) help much to this. this term Is concerned with suitable designing and efficient use of space and built environment، that leads to reduction of criminal opportunities، fear of crime and improved quality of life. This theory emphasizes the optimization of opportunities، specific and clear definition of the territory، access control and the like، which are known as (CPTED) strategies، the perpetrators of the crime can be discouraged. Research methodology is Descriptive - analytic، questionnaire have been used as a tool for collecting information among the citizens of the central district of Isfahan. Research results indicate that attention to the principles and indicators of environmental optimized design and the municipalitys assistance can play a significant role in reduction of the crime.