Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Volume:19 Issue: 1, 2015

The increase of age and reduction of physical activities usually cause undesirable physical and mental dysfunctions among the elderly. Since physical activities can improve physical and mental conditions، followed by more independence in the elderly، this study was conducted to find out the effects of yoga programs on balance in the elderly. this quasi-experimental study was carried out on 30 elderly women (age: 66±6. 02 years، height: 161±11. 53 centimeter and weight: 68. 70±7. 08 kilogram)، all enjoying general health، were selected through convenience sampling. Sharpened-Romberg test (with open eyes) and achievement test were used to measure static and dynamic balance، respectively. These tests were performed before and after the exercise program. Data analysis was performed by independent t- test (P<0. 05). Research findings showed that yoga exercises for 6 weeks had a significant impact on static balance (P= 0. 002) and dynamic balance (P= 0. 004) compared with the control group. It seems that yoga (Huta yoga) has positive effects on balance in the elderly. These effects include improvement of dynamic and static balance.

Organophosphorus insecticide diazinon has been widely used in agriculture and has the ability to transfer and accumulate in soil، water and animal tissues، and to induce toxicity in plants، animals and humans. In humans، diazinon inhibits nerve transmission by inactivating acetylcholinesterase enzyme. The present study was carried out to identify bacteria containing OPH enzyme for biodegradation of diazinon from contaminated agricultural soil. In this study، 8 contaminated agricultural soil samples that were exposed to pesticides، especially diazinon in the last two decades، were collected from the farms of Hamedan province. After preparing the media، for isolation of several bacterial strains containing OPH enzyme that are capable of biodegrading organophosphorus pesticides by diazinon enzymatic hydrolysis، bacterial genomic DNA extraction، plasmid product sequencing، phylogenetic sequence processing and phylogenetic tree drawing were carried out. Eight bacterial strains، capable of secreting OPH enzyme، were isolated from soil samples، one of which named BS-1 with 86% similarity to Bacillus safensis displayed the highest organophosphate-hydrolyzing capability and can be used as a source of carbon and phosphorus. It can be concluded that the isolated bacterial strain identified in this study with OPH enzyme secretion has the potential for biodegradation of organophosphorus pesticides، especially diazinon in invitro conditions. Also، further studies such as the environmental stability and interaction، production strategies، safety، cost-benefit، environmental destructive parameters، and، toxicological، genetic and biochemical aspects are recommended prior to the application of bacterial strains in the field-scale bioremediation.

Some scarce elements ma play a role in the etiology of febrile convulsions. This study was aimed to determine the relationship between serum zinc، selenium and copper level and febrile convulsion. In this case – control study، 114 children with febrile disease and 101 children with simple febrile convulsion were selected as control and case groups، respectively. After collecting all samples، serum levels of selenium، zinc and copper were measured and the obtained data were analyzed by Spss software using independent t-test Mean serum zinc level in control group (80. 24±10. 06) was significantly higher than that of the case group (63. 54±6. 7) (P<0. 001). Mean serum selenium level in control group (80. 78±10. 12) was significantly higher that that of the case group (59. 32±6. 92) (P<0. 001). Mean serum copper level in the male control group (73. 08±9. 68) was significantly lower than that of the case group (81. 80 ±10. 81) (P<0. 001). The causal correlation between variables cannot be determined by only one case-control study. Only the differences between groups are reported.

Cyber bullying is defined as a series of deliberate and repeated sadistic behaviors which occur through such tools as computer، phone and other electronic devices. The current study was aimed to determine to what extent the dark triad personality predicts the phenomenon of cyber bullying among the youth. For this investigation، 200 internet users were selected through snowball sampling and data were obtained by the questionnaires sent via e-mail. The results of investigation indicated that all dark triad personality traits (Machiavellianism، Psychopath and Narcissism) had a significantly positive relationship with cyber bullying. Also، Machiavellianism and Psychopath personality traits were respectively the strongest variables in predicting cyber bullying. all dark triad personality traits have the ability to predict cyber bullying phenomenon.

Nutrition plays a very important role in the health and disease of the elderly, and malnutrition is an obstacle to increasing the quality of life of the elderly. This study was conducted to assess malnutrition and its related factors among the elderly of Bojnourd in 2014. This study was descriptive cross-sectional. The study population included all the elderly of Bojnourd, among whom 120 elderly were recruited by cluster sampling method. Data were collected using interviews, observation and questionnaires by referring to the homes, hospitals and elderly care centers. In this study, Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) was used. Data analysis was performed by chi-square test. The mean age of elderly was 71.73±9.70 years. 56.7% of the samples were men and 43.3% were women. 30% of the elderly had a good nutrition, 62.2% of them were at the risk of the malnutrition and 7.5% were malnourished. The results showed that mal malnutrition significantly more seen in female gender, low level of education, smoking single status, staying in nursing home than those hospitalized or are active in community, but no significant difference was reported between age and socioeconomic status. Given the high prevalence of malnutrition in the elderly, and possibility of malnutrition among the elderly, further attempts are required to be made to improve the quality of life and to reduce illness and disability in this population.

This study was performed to assess the prevalence of conduct disorder and its associated factors among the high school students of Sanandaj in 2013.

The study sample included 375 high school students selected from the high school students in Sanandaj through multistage stratified random sampling. The instruments for data collection comprised of Child Symptom Inventory and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-1). The results were evaluated by SPSS (version 21) using chi-square test.

The results showed the prevalence of conduct disorder among the high school students was 8. 8%. Also، the prevalence of conduct disorder among students with separated parents was higher than other students. The prevalence of conduct disorder in the male students was significantly more than that of the female students. Moreover، there was a significant correlation between students’ conduct disorder and their parents’ separation and divorce. However، no significant difference was obtained between conduct disorder and other associated factors، including parents’ death rate، parents’ history of psychological disorder and academic level of students (P<0. 05).

Based on the results of this study، running counseling centers at schools and holding family training programs for parents by psychologists are recommended.

approximately 1،500 to 2،000 people die due to self-immolation every year in Iran. This phenomenon is more pronounced in young women who comprise an active and reproductive segment of the population which can lead to numerous negative consequences in the individual، family، and community. However، since self-immolation is a preventable public health issue، the healthcare system is required to take seriously into account. In this narrative review، several online databases، including PubMed، PsycINFO، Google Scholar، ISI، Scopus as well as offline resources، including textbooks and theses were searched for the published information about the risk and protective factors of self-immolation. An attempt was made to analyze and identify the epidemiologic patterns and prevention strategies of this phenomenon briefly. Our review revealed that the phenomenon of self-immolation is particularly frequent among young women in Iran and adjustment disorder is the most common risk factor for self-immolation. This study shows that self-immolation is a significant health problem in some parts of Iran، suggesting that the health care system and authorities should be more attentive to this public health challenge. Furthermore، low-cost precautionary and preventive measures including counseling services can manage this phenomenon and should be of high priority for health officials.

Linguatula serrata is a cosmopolitan organism belonging to the Phylum Pentastomida. Humans may act as an intermediate (Halzoun syndrome) or accidental definitive host of this parasite، manifesting the nasopharyngeal or visceral form. Linguatulosis occurs accidentally in human by ingestion of raw or undercooked visceral tissues of sheep، goat، camel، and other herbivores. This is the first report of Halzoun syndrome in Kermanshah province. In this case report، a 34-year-old man، from Salas-o-babajani district infested with this parasite was presented. Clinical signs and symptoms included pricking sensation in throat، coughing، sneezing and nasal discharge، which started 2-3 hours after eating undercooked goat liver. An organism in about 8 mm length was isolated from his pharyngeal discharge. The sample was examined in the pparasitology llaboratory of Kermanshah school of medicine. The results of analysis showed that this organism was the nymph of L. The serrata had a mouth surrounded by four hooks and a segmented body with small hooks. The patient was treated using oral anti histamines and gargling and nasal washing with saline solution. So، it is recommended that physicians consider L. Serrata infestation in patients with complaints such as pharyngitis accompanied by pharyngeal pain، coughing، sneezing and vomiting.