Archives of Hygiene Sciences
Volume:3 Issue: 4, Autumn 2014

Background & Aims of the Study: Preeclampsia is the most common clinical symptom of pregnancy period. According to the importance of preeclampsia and the lack of definite and effective factors on it, this study was performed by the aim of survey the relationship between diet and occurrence of preeclampsia in the pregnant women of Tehran city in 2012. This longitudinal study (prospective) was performed on 1033 pregnant women in prenatal clinics in Tehran city. At the beginning of the study, it were completed the food eating frequency and demographic questionnaires from all samples once before twentieth week through face to face interviews. Nutritional data that were achieved from the questionnaire of every understudied unit that recorded all of foods consumed by mother were changed to the gram by the researcher and analyzed by the software of N4 to calculate nutrient intake of mothers. Pregnant women were followed since the entrance to the study to the time of delivery. The significance level used in the tests was less than 0.05. Twenty pregnant women (1.9%) form 1033 studied women were diagnosed preeclampsia. The results of independent T-test showed that the average intake level of antioxidant nutrients (such as zinc, vitamin A, C, E) in women with preeclampsia were significantly low. The results showed that the reduction in daily intake of antioxidant nutrients is associated with the occurrence of preeclampsia.

Background & Aims of the Study: Heat Stress is a major factor in many industrials and heat stress is one of occupational hazards in the workplace and severely affects the health and productivity, heat stress can decrease efficiency, increase accidents and reduce safety levels. Aim of this study was comparing the heat stress indices of HSI and WBGT and core body temperature in steels industry workers. In this descriptive analysis study, 41 acclimatized and healthy male were participated in the study. Subjects selected by census method. Environmental climatic parameters were measured and then heat stress evaluated according to HSI index, WBGT index and core body temperature. This study was done in the hottest season in August and the hottest hours (11 to 14) at the location of the workers. All data analyzed by the SPSS version 16 and in order to establish a relationship between measured parameters and the core body temperature and the heat stress indices Poisson correlation coefficient was used. Regarding on the results, mean of WBGT index was 40.02 and mean of HSI index was 489.97. It showed that the all workers expose to high heat stress. Whilst mean of core body temperature was 37.19°c and maximum of core body temperature was 38.5°c. For estimating heat stress is better use of the biological monitoring method such as core body temperature which may have been closer to reality heat stress in exposed workers. Pearson correlation coefficient between the core body temperatures has less correlation with globe temperature (r= 0.648), relative humidity (r= 0.307) and with natural wet bulb temperature (r= 0.469) than HSI and WBGT. WBGT has high correlation with globe temperature (r= 0.956) and natural wet bulb temperature (r= 0.877) so this finding can prove that WBGT index shows higher heat stress than core body temperatures. the Pearson correlation coefficient between HSI with relative humidity is r=0.619 and HSI has more correlation with relative humidity than core body temperature (r= 0.307) and WBGT(r= 0.494) the HSI index has not statistically significant relation with air velocity (p=0.058) and HSI index have limitations for assessing heat stress in environments with high relative humidity and low air movement.

Background & Aims of the Study: Diabetes is considered a major concern in the third millennia A.D. and is increasing day by day. This disease shows a high prevalence in Iran as well. Meanwhile, self-care is the best solution for controlling and preventing diabetes. This study aimed at self-care assessment in patients with diabetes in Qom city in 2013. a total of 251 diabetes patients referring to Qom city Diabetes Association were chosen through simple accidental method. Two questionnaires including demographic and SDSCA standard questionnaires and also an information paper were used in this study. The questionnaires were completed through an organized interview in order to achieve the best accuracy. The data was analyzed by SPSS18 software by less than 0.05 significance. The results showed that 32.99% of the subjects had no self-care activity against diabetes and only 7.97% of the subjects followed self-care activities during the week. FBS rate among the patients was 157.74 mg/dl and HbA1c rate was 7.74 mg/dl, and self-care score was also 46.53. The results showed an adverse significant relation between self-care and FBS plus HbA1c rates. Diabetic Patients lacked a desirable self-care condition in such a manner that patients didn’t take care of self-care activities including: having a diet, doing enough physical activity, controlling blood sugar, taking care of their feet, and also consuming drugs or injecting insulin, completely and regularly. Consequently, FBS and HbA1c rates were undesirable in the subjects.

Background & Aims of the Study: Given the importance of mental health issues of students and the role of social capital in promoting mental health and improving academic performance, this study was designed to evaluate the mental health status of students of Islamic Azad University, Khalkhal Branch and its relationship with social capital. This descriptive-analytical study eas conducted on 435 the Islamic Azad University students, Khalkhal Branch at first half of the academic year 2013-14. Data were collected using Demographic, Mental Health and Social Capital questionnaires and then analyzed using SPSS software version 21, correlation test, chi-square and t-test. Results showed that 72.5 percent of students participating in the study suspected to have mental disorders. Males had better mental health. There was no significant correlation between mental health score, financial status, age and residency status (P> 0.05). There was a significant relationship between mental health and all areas of social capital except the area of business communications. Due to the unique conditions of students and findings of the study based on the positive effect of increased social capital on the improvement of mental health, much attention and effort should be paid by authorities to provide appropriate infrastructures to develop social capital in higher educational system and create opportunities for social interaction both in individual and group interactions.

Farmers and agricultural workers are vulnerable because of exposed to a wide range of occupational hazards and Facing with problems and obstacles in their work, so the main purpose of this study was analysis of occupational health challenges among farmers The tool of the research was a questionnaire that designed to analysis of occupational health challenges among farmers. Validity of questionnaire was confirmed by experts and reliability by Cronbach''s alpha (alpha = 0.85). Also for data analysis used SPSS. Research findings indicated that factor analysis extracted five factors a bout occupational health challenges among farmers. Including; educational factors, economical factors, individual factors, a kind of equipment design and social factors. These five factors determined about 67.69 percent of total variance. Farmers and agricultural workers are exposed injuries that lead to death and disability more than of the workers in other industries. So education and awareness is will be useful to empowerment them for protective in these hazards.

Background & Aims of the Study: Colloidal impurities are one of the natural contaminants in surface water that cause turbidity and color. Turbidity in spite of create undesirable appearance, can be a haven for disinfection of microorganisms. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of various coagulants in removing average turbidity of water and also their impact on the electrical conductivity and alkalinity. The study was conducted as tentative - interfere research in a laboratory scale. Experiments were carried out based on various parameters including different turbidity (50,100 and 200 NTU) and different concentrations of coagulants (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 mg/L). Supernatant of samples were taken after Jar test to measuring of turbidity, conductivity and alkalinity. The settling characteristics of the floc were record by observing as descriptive terms such as poor, fair, good and excellent. Results showed that all coagulants materials in whole used levels be able to completely remove of the initial turbidity (with the exception of Ferrous sulfate coagulant). On the other hand, with increasing concentrations of coagulants, the electrical conductivity increased and alkalinity decreased. Also, the highest and the lowest increase of electrical conductivity and TDS obtained in ferric chloride and poly aluminum chloride coagulants respectively. The result showed that poly aluminum chloride was best coagulant for turbidity removal and in spite of fine floc, sedimentation rate is good.