مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
پیاپی 330 (هفته دوم خرداد 1394)

The PIK3CA oncogene, which encodes p110α, is one of the most mutated genes in human cancers such as colorectal. A polymorphic GT dinucleotide repeat exists in intron 1 of the PIK3CA gene. Till this research, there were no study on polymorphism of PIK3CA gene microsatellites and their relationship with cancer risk. In the present study, we investigated GT repeat polymorphism in the intron 1 of this gene among patients with colorectal cancer and healthy individuals and evaluated the association between this polymorphism and the potential genetic susceptibility to the development of colorectal cancer.

Peripheral blood samples were collected from 103 patients with colorectal cancer and 100 healthy blood donors. After DNA extraction, GT dinucleotide region was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and the number of GT repeats was determined via polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

Eight distinct alleles were identified in these subjects, ranging in size from 13 to 20 GT repeats. People with two alleles shorter than 17 GT repeat had a significantly higher risk of developing colorectal cancer (OR = 3.65, P = 9 × 10-6); in contrast, people with two alleles longer than 16 GT repeat were at a significantly lower risk of colorectal cancer (OR = 0.18, P = 3.5 × 10-6).

Our findings indicate significant relationship between the numbers of repetitive sequences in intron 1 of PIK3CA gene and the risk of colorectal cancer.

Positive effectiveness of antiemetic drugs was approved in reduction of post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV). The purpose of this study was comparison of dexamethazone, ondansetron and metoclopramide in prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting.

210 women candidates for elective cesarean section under general anesthesia were divided in to three groups of 70. The groups received ondansetron, dexamethazone or metoclopramide near the end of the surgery. Post-operative nausea and vomiting was evaluated at 0, 2, 4 and 8 hours after the operation. The results were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test.

Injection of all three drugs, ondansetron, metoclopramide and dexamethazane reduced post-operative nausea and vomiting. The rate of reduction of nausea and vomiting was significant in all 3 groups at 4 hours after the surgery. At this time, the dexamethazane group had the highest nausea and vomiting (P = 0.007).

Ondansetron and metoclopramide can be used in the patients with elective cesarean section under general anesthesia for reduction of post-operative nausea and vomiting; the drugs showed more effectiveness with longer duration compared to dexamethasone.

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of death in men and the eighth cause of cancer death in the world. According to state of the disease in Iranian men, it is necessary to understand the epidemiology and trends of deaths from this cancer. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of prostate cancer trends of mortality from it in Iran.

In this cross-sectional study, published data were used to relate to the face of death in the Iran. The data of prostate cancer mortality during 2005-2010 were extracted and trends of mortality of this cancer were demonstrated in the Iran.

The death rate from prostate cancer had increased from 2.67 per hundred thousand people in 2005 to 3.24 in 2010. The mortality rates of prostate cancer increased with increasing in age in all the years of the study.

Death from prostate cancer in Iran, like other countries in the world, occurs in older men and the mortality rate increases with increasing in age. Trends of mortality from prostate cancer are increasing; changes in recent years are consistent with studies in other Asian countries. Due to the aging of the Iranian population, developing one screening program for men is the way for prevention of prostate cancer progression and reducing mortality of this cancer.