نشریه مطالعات سیاسی جهان اسلام
پیاپی 12 (زمستان 1393)

From the beginning of Arabian spring in Middle East pass about 3 years، but despite of this long time، it yet continuing to its life and some of the countries in the region are experiencing this event. Jordan is one of the countries that could concur on this crisis and now is continuing to its regime. So، the main question is that why has the Arabian spring failed in Jordan? With regard to this fact that social Sciences events are multi causes، current research hypothesis survey three factors: 1- Reformation and behavior of Jordan government on protests. 2- The political، social and cultural conditions of Jordan. 3- Factors and actors and international politics. We used chaos Theory and descriptive-explanative methods in the research. Research findings show that although the Jordan government could outfight on dangerous of downfall for short time but capacity of revolution is active in this country. With Changing in regional and international conditions in the future this country can experience new revolution.

Consequences of recent political instability، the Arab Revolutions، from mid-2011، in the Middle East، have affected on regional equations and influenced strategies of the actors involved in the equation of the Middle East region. Syria Crisis is a concrete example of contrasting different strategies of regional and trans-regional competing actors involved in the region; at the regional level، strategic competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia، regarding this crisis، is vital. In this regard، the research focuses on explaining conflicting strategies of Iran and Saudi Arabia on recent changes in Syria. The central issue of this study is examining the conflicting strategies of Iran and Saudi Arabia on Syrian crisis; i. e. why Iran and Saudi Arabia have different strategies towards the crisis happening in Syria?

In the United States of America designing the strategy and foreign policy is the authority of the highest executive that means the executive branch. Hence، the shift of power between the two majority parties، republicans and democratic which have the different approaches and attitudes to the international system and global politics could be considered very important، the way of communicating with the states and the international system is quite different. In the fight against terrorism in Middle East which became a priority in national security strategy of America? In this article the main question is، with regard to the fight against terrorism that has been the agenda of both Bush and Obama governments، what are the differences and similarities the policies of between two presidents? To answer the question، the foreign policy of two presidents for combating the terrorism will be studied.

Integration is a process that is increasingly expanding by globalization. It is explained by several political and economic theories، among which the theories of functionalists، neofunctionalists and communication school have more appropriately accounted for. These theories indicate that to achieve integration there is a need to start integration activities and efforts from basic economic issues. This is because in comparison to other areas، economic cooperation can contribute more effectively to strengthen and promoting cooperation among countries at different levels. Islamic Development Bank (IDB)، as a developmental financial institution is affiliated with the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) and all its members are Islamic countries. It has an extensive economic cooperation with its member countries and does numerous activities in the areas of trade، finance، human resources development، financial investment and poverty reduction. These activities enhance trade، promote investment، improve infrastructure and strengthen human resources and reduce poverty. These issues enhance interrelationship among Middle East countries and persuade them to be more cooperative and integrative.

The Shia of India makes up one of the largest Shiite communities in the world. The antiquity of their existence starts from more than 13 centuries ago. Though they have been always considered as an Indian religious minority، they have experienced an era living with authority and cultural efflorescence. The events of resent two centuries، such as، English Colonialism (1800-1947)، the destruction of local Shiite administrations، the separation of a large part of Muslim living areas of India in 1947 (the emergence of Pakistan)، policies of non-religious central government and etc، has changed the socio-economic ruling conditions against them and lead them to isolation. Meanwhile، although the Islamic revolution of iran- which can be considered as a Shiite revolution- lead to victory، and Indian Shiites have been encouraged to have more dynamism، they have limited activities yet. Hence، the recognition of cultural، social and economic conditions of new generation of Indian Shiites and their confronting challenges، can be considered as an important or imperative issue in Shiite international community''s cultural relations. Therefore، answering questions، such as، «How is the scope and frequency of the Shiite population in India?»; «Today، how is the Sociopolitical or economic conditions of Indian Shiite community?»; and «How is the current religious-cultural structures of Indian Shiites?» have an important role to make a correct cultural interaction with them، which underlies benefitting from their potential capacities for promoting the Islamic school of «Ahl-Ul-Bayt» globally. This article is to give a brief report of sociocultural situation of current Indian Shiites through answering the mentioned questions.