ادب نامه تطبیقی
سال یکم شماره 1 (پاییز و زمستان 1393)

The present study is a comparative survey on the concept of the theological determinism and free will in Seyed Abdolrahim Tavegozi، Malawi Kurd، (1222-1300) and Moulana Jalaluddin Mohammad Balkhi''s (606-672) thoughts. Malawi Kurd has considered the concept of theological determinism and free will in his collections and he has respected and recognized Abolhassan Ash''ari''s ideas and thoughts regarding these issues، although Malawi kurds'' considerations have been expressed a bit different from those in Ash''ari''s principles. On the other hand، Jalaluddin Balkhi has pointed to the issue of free will and determinism in more than seventy pieces of prose in his Masnavi، though his states are less theological than Malawi Kurd. This research aims at studying the free will and determinism in these two poets’ prose in which both believe in the right of free will for human beings. The difference is that Malawi Kurd''s manner is theological and his way of thinking and reasoning cannot be placed outside the rules and regulations of traditional theology. On the other hand، Jalaluddin Balkhi''s is a master in this contemplation، so his reasoning is a bit different when the issue is free will and determinism. He has divided the free will into two categories: acceptable and blameworthy. In his book، the former is called a mystical determinism (accompany with God and accepting his determining decree) which is acceptable and praised and the latter is considered as an indecent public determinism. In addition، Jalaluddin Balkhi has admired Ash''ari''s point of view in some points. This research is conducted based on analytical-descriptive method، using the resources found in libraries.

Both Ferdowsi and Motanabbi، in their immortal works، have created innovative and imaginative images of grandeur dust which can be considered from different perspectives. Both poets have used the same themes and images to illustrate the magnitude of dust. The similarity of the images and themes has different forms including continuity، using stereotyped patterns which demonstrate that Motanabbi’s or poem or other poets before Motanabbi have influenced Firdausi. Comparing the common images، the objectives of the two poets in portraying becomes evident and power of imagination of both is clearly known. Ferdowsi sees himself in front of people in the streets. Therefore، in order to create epic to influence people and create a spirit of resistance and national unity، he portrays، bright and enthusiastic images. Instead، Motanabbi resorts to complicated and multilayered images to obtain consent and to compete with Saif al-Dawla’s court poets.

Among those stories of Nizami’s Quinary، the story of Khosrow Parviz، The Sassanid King of kings، loving Shirin، The Armenian lady’s niece، is of important significance because of having national flavor and mythic and lyric backgrounds. Historically، this story has been at the focus of attention and narrated in many different ways. Reports by Dinawari، Jahiz، Tha''alibi، Tabari، and Ibn al-Nabatah، are from among these narrations. Nizami Ganjavi’s Khosrow and Shirin has been considered by such other poets as Amir Kosrow Dihlawi، Salimi Jaruni، Shahab Tarshizi، Hatefi Kharjerdi، Vahshi Bafghi، Orfi Shirazi، Vesal Shirazi، and Nami Isfahani. The importance of the present study is the narration of Khosrow and shirin by the great Kurdish poet Khana Qubadi، Nizami’s mother being a Kurd، the story’s occurrence in Kurdish regions، and Kurdish verbal narrations of the story. Therefore، regarding the importance of two Khosrow and Shirin poems by Nizami Ganjavi and Khana Qubadi (in Kurdish regions)، the authors try to compare these two masterpieces using content comparison method، and also to introduce Khana Qubadi and cultural considerations in his works.

Safarzadeh and Almlaykh from poet’s poetry in Persian and Arabic are the arena. The poetic themes، most of which is reflected in the poet''s life، expresses concern ntellectual philosophical poet. This analysis method based on descriptive and comparative iterature، American schools، according to the poem''s theme of the poet''s mind and overcome its external environment is analyzed and compared. The findings indicate that the two poets at different ontological differences between these two poems is created Safarzadeh Tahereh However، it is highly dysfunctional family، born and bred، but look to the totality of existence is quite optimistic and that optimism is clearly reflected in his poetry، Henry has been But in front of him، although thin Almlayk·h opulence situation is far more Passing born and raised، but more slogan، with cynicism and despair is overwhelming to look at life. Significant differences in these poems، the poet''s influence on poetry and overcome on a show.

Narrative، whether in prose or in verse has varying forms in the world and the narrator''s (poet or writer) viewpoint to express the narrative is the reason behind the variety in the forms of literary narrative. Narrative expression of myths and legends is considerable in the poems of the committed poets to have more impact on the reader as well as providing a context for the expression of what is impossible to explicitly and clearly state in the social and political conditions prevalent in the society. The present research studies narration of myths and legends in the works of two contemporary Iranian and Iraqi modernist poet، Mahdi Akhavan Sales and Badr Shaker Al-Sayyab. The findings show that a narrative poem by these poets is not a reconstruction of myths and legends but expressing a modern theme and notion in the form of legendary story. Akhavan and Sayyab use myths and legends to express their revolutionary objectives; although، failure in achieving their goals leads to their frustration and hopelessness. In these circumstances the epic space of the legends turns into pain and agony along with hopelessness.

Poet tries to reflect the discomfort and affliction of his nation whom are suffering from injustice of his dictator goverrment. This kind of literature consists of hope to future، promise of victory، invitation to battle، adoration of liberality super mince to land and martyrs for freedom of the land. Salafi comparative literature explores the literature according to structural similarities، jarminski as an author of this school declares that the comparative research is based on similarity. This research analyses the root of resilience literature of these two poets according to similarities of their area as well as political and social situations similarities by a sociology glance. Mehdi Akhavan Saales and Amal Dongol are considered as poets in resilience literature field whom discomfort and affliction of their people of the unorganized situation of society are their most significant nature of their poems. In this article some of the contents of resilience literature like patriotism، magnificent culture، liberality and battle against injustice in order to depict common contents of afflicted face of people and invitation to battle and not giving up against autarchy has been analyzed according to jarminski typology theory in salafi comparative literature school in poems of these two Iranian and Egyptian poets. This article is analyzed by descriptive-analytical method.