نشریه طلوع بهداشت
سال چهاردهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 50، خرداد و تیر 1394)

The transmission chance of blood transmitted infections in heart patients underlying surgery and interventional measures due to repeated examinations and transfusions is to be taken into consideration. The important causes of chronic and deadly diseases in patients and healthcare workers are Hepatitis C, HIV and Hepatitis B infections that have recently attracted the attention of all the medical fields. This study assesses frequency of HCV, HBV and HIV infections in heart surgeries and cardiac interventions.

In this cross - sectional study, all the patients for cardiac surgery or invasive cardiac measures in Yazd Afshar Hospital were enrolled (admitted from 2008 to 2012). Data were collected from medical records using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test.

Of 2414 patients admitted during these years, 27 patients (1.1%) suffered from HBV infection and 29 patients (1.2%) from HCV infection; no HIV positive case was identified. HBV prevalence was highest in the age group of 16 to 30 years. In the case of HCV, a significant relationship was found between different groups in terms of age, gender and geographic location. In the age group of 31 to 45, the highest prevalence of HCV was observed in men (2%) and women (0.1%) respectively. Infected individuals from Yazd (1.7%) were significantly higher than non- Yazdi (0.3%) individuals.

The prevalence of viral hepatitis in cardiac patients is similar to that of the general population. Therefore, there seems to be a need for tests such as HIVAb, HCVAb, and HBsAg before surgery. These tests are recommended for patients with a higher risk of infection.

Burnout is one of the most important factors in reducing productivity in organizations involving physical and mental signs especially in the human service professions. We carried out this research to examine the relationship between burnout and mental health of cashiers of the state banks in Golestan Province.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 156 cashiers in state banks of Golestan. We used three instruments in this study: 1) demographic questionnaire 2) General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28), and 3) Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The collected data were analyzed using statistical operations of Pearson correlation coefficient, T Student, univariate ANOVA, and non-parametric Chi Square test.

On the whole, using the MBI subscale, we found low levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and high levels of reduced sense of personal accomplishment in frequency. The wo variables of burnout and poor mental health were related significantly(p<0.001).

Our results suggest that there is a strong correlation between poor mental health and burnout to show that care should be taken to ameliorate the stressful conditions that cashiers face.

Solid waste reduction is a key and fundamental factor in creating a sustainable society. Tehran Municipality has embarked on a series of positive measures in recent years in different areas of waste management such as source separation, mechanized waste collection, and constructing compost factories. However these measures have not only brought about any reduction in solid waste reduction but have also resulted in their increase. In this article, first we will describe the current situation of waste management in Tehran. Then since having an understanding of the type and amount of the generated solid waste is important in defining strategies and programs aiming at reduction of waste generation, we manage to have evaluation of the current situation of municipal waste generation in 22 regions of Tehran. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional one conducted from 2010 to 2014. Relevant officials of the waste recovery in 22 regions of Tehran were approached in order to collect data about municipal solid waste generation through interviewing, filling out questionnaires, conducting field visits from Aradkooh Disposal and Processing Complex and collecting information on disposal and destiny of wastes. Then the data were compiled and analyzed. Total solid waste generation in Tehran from 2010 to 2014 amounted to respectively 3389662, 3399344, 3449338 and 3245157 Metric Tons, categorized into three groups of municipal, companies and townships and hospital wastes. Most of the generated waste produced in Tehran was that of households and commercial (known as municipal waste) from 22 Regions of Tehran. Based on the surveys conducted, per capita solid waste generation of 11 regions of Tehran ranged from 550 to 1000 grams and in other 11 ones from 1000 to 1521 grams per capita per day. The lowest and highest waste generation rate belonged respectively to region 13 with 556 grams and region 12 with 1521 grams per capita per day in 2011. Comparing per capita generation of municipal solid waste in different municipal regions in Tehran with maximum acceptable capacity of waste generation indicates the deviation of waste generation of all Tehran regions from the standard acceptable amount. Therefore, not only is it necessary to plan and take strategic measures to reduce Tehran waste generation but also these programs and measures should be specific to each region considering its specifications and solid waste quality and quantity.

Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide and is yet increasing in Asian countries such as Iran. Despite using chemotherapy for the treatment, its 5-year survival is only about 20%. Thus, the complementary therapy and prevention are the main efforts for its control. In this review article, we attempt to describe the eefective strategies for prevention of gastric cancer. This is a review article the related articles of which were taken from internet and scientisic journals. The databases such as Medline,Web of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Springer were explored for the purpose. The prevention programs included clinical studies using the strategies to delay progression of cancer. Thus, several studies have indicated that the world risk of gastric cancer is in an inverse relationship with social, economic and nutritional situations. One of the most important of them is using proper dietary (High antioxidant diet) strategy. Frresh fruit and vegetables may reduce the risk of gastric cancer and dysplasia because they reduce the effects of oxidative stress in cells. The risk of stomach cancer in people with proper life style whose diets are rich in fruit and vegetables may be decreased but smoking and unhealthy diet are associated with increased risk of gastric cancer.

Sleep disorder among the nursing profession should beconsidered as important for it can endanger the health and safety of the patients as well as the nurses. This study has investigated the connection between the sleep hygiene education and its impact on sleep disorder pattern among the nurses in Shahid Sadughi hospital in Yazd. This is an analytical study with Field Trail method and pre- and post-style. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of demographic information, ESS, SMII, and ISI. In the first phase of the study, questionnaires were distributed among 207 nurses out of whom 100 nurses were diagnosed with sleep disorder. Eventually after the training period, the data from 66 questionnaires were analysed, using SPSS20 software with Paired T-test and ANOVA. The first part of the findings showed that 48.3 percent of the nurses have sleep disorder. Findings also indicated that factors such as age, gender, marital status, work experience, number of children, type of shift work and job satisfaction did not have significant statistical impact on sleep disorder. The second part measured improvement of sleep disorders related to sleep hygiene education for nurses. Results revealed a better condition of sleep disorder among the participants after their education around sleep hygiene. Although there wasstatistically no significant relationship between pre- and post-training sleep disorder scores, given the small p-value it can be said that a marginal meaningful relationship does exist.

Introdution: Studies have shown that perfectionists have less self-esteem and life satisfaction. Considering self-esteem and life satisfaction as the main mental health elements and in regard to thought, sensation and behavior as three inseparable human functions that have transactional relationships together, this study was carried out with the aim of examining the effectiveness of teaching cognitive methods on self-esteem and life satisfaction of female perfectionist students. This is an experimental research. The sample size was 60, chosen from female perfectionist students at the dormitory of the Islamic Azad University of Yazd in 2012. They were randomly assigned into two groups of trial and control. Cognitive methods were taught to the trial group. After two months of teaching, the data gathered from theresearch were analyzed through descriptive and analytic statistics. It was shown that in the trial group, both self-esteem (p0.001) and life satisfaction (p0.001) were significantly higher compared with the control group. Considering the effectiveness of cognitive methods on increasing self-esteem and life satisfaction, teaching of these methods is recommended for cognitive rehabilitation, correction of the patterns of irrational thinking and belief and finally increasing mental health.

Abstract Yoga as an exercise to improve the physical, psychological, social health condition, and promote the feeling of health in healthy people in the medical education community is considered. The aim of this research was to find The Effect of 8 Weeks Yoga Training on Respiratory Function and Heart Rate of Non-Athlete Females. 30 students of khorasgan Azad University who were studying at this year. 1390 were selected and divide into two groups randomly: 15 in experimental and 15 in control groups. Before starting a yoga training course the Spirometers and resting pulse rate (PR) were recorded. Variables dealing in pulmonary function were: forced vital capacity (fvc). Forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1), peak Expiratory flow (PEF), peak inspiratory flow (PIF), tidal volume (T.V), resting respiratory rate (RR). The yoga training courses were two months, three times a week and each time one and half hours, containing yoga training and pranayama. At the end of this training, pulmonary function and pulse rate recorded in the same situation again, and findings analyzed by (t-test) and (p<0.05) at the end following conclusion were observed: resting PR and RR. Showed a significant decrease and FEV1 showed a significant increase: but in other variables (FVC), (PEF), (PIF) and (T.V) no change was seen. Results of this study showed that 8 weeks of practicing yoga and pranayama to increase vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in the first second and decreased heart rate and respiratory rate at rest is.

One of the hidden factors, however, influences the behavior of employees, their commitment to the organization and their jobs. Thus, identifying factors affecting the organizational commitment is an important task of managers that in this study, the role of workplace spirituality in its occurrence are discussed. The present study was conducted to assess the relationship between workplace spirituality and organizational commitment. This is a descriptive - correlation study that 151 Administrative Staff of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences was selected by random sampling method in December. The study instruments included workplace spirituality Questionnaire (Milliman et al.; 2003) and organizational commitment (Linz, 2003). The scores were analyzed using the Spearman correlation coefficient and multiple regression by Software SPSS17. between workplace spirituality and its three components (meaningful work, a sense of solidarity and alignment values) there was a significant positive correlation with the organizational commitment staff (p<0/01). Also, all three components of spirituality at work ability to predict organizational commitment staff (p<0/05). With the development of workplace spirituality, meaningful work, a sense of solidarity and alignment values in organizations, Can be accepted that organizational commitment of employees increases.

Increasing in the number of healthcare service centers enhances the competition in attracting patients in a way that hospitals apply models to attract more patients considering this issue. Nowadays, in order to increase patient's satisfaction, hospitals need intimate relationships and patient relationship management (PRM) besides offering favorite services and healthy environment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate service quality based on patient relationship management in Mortaz private hospital. This study is survey from the aspect of research strategy and is descriptive-exploratory from the aspect of research purpose. Hospitalized patients in Mortaz hospital form the statistical population of the research, which 192 persons are selected among them as the statistical sample based on Cochran's formula. Since no research has been performed about patient relationship management already, the instrument for evaluating PRM is a questionnaire which is made by authors with five points Likert scale (from so weak to so strong). The validity of the questionnaire is confirmed with factor analysis and the reliability of the instrument is verified with Cronbach's alpha. The results showed that this hospital is acting below than expecting level in all dimensions except the dimension of customer focusing. Among the 41 investigated components, this hospital has unfavorable situation in 16 components. The priority of checking them is determined by importance-performance matrix. It seems that it is better for this hospital to put its priorities on "understanding patient's key needs in a correct way", "changing in hospital services for patient's more benefits", "using patient's opinions in designing services", "hospital management and employee's flexibility in offering new services", "understanding patient's information precisely", and "making precise feedback system" regarding the limits in its resources and attempts to upgrading its service quality.

Leishmaniasis is wide range, worldwide, without drug, vaccine, secticide and has not sterile immunity and Efforts in this field has not been successful. Research on efficacy of medicinal plants, is including the research infrastructure. Herbaceous plants tomentose perennial local name Khouchoobe in Kerman And official Zangoolaei Looleh baric and scientific name Onosma stinosiphon "Traditionally in the past as a poultice to treat skin, superficial cuts, wounds and acne has been used. Its disinfectant properties at the site of the wound have been proved. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is throughout the country as epidemics and endemic. Purpose of this is Effectiveness Comparison between Onosma. This study was to Effect of Onosma stinosiphon Extract on Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Infected BALB/c mice. sufficient root of Onosma stinosiphon were minced and they were dissolved in Ethanol 80. Then they were placed into the stirrer with magnets in room temperature for 24 hours. Next, they were softened. This compound was, first, sterilized and prepared as tropica with concentration of 40, 60 and 80%. It was refrigerated until used. In the lab, 50 BABL/c mice were infected with the parasite Leishmania (L) tropica, They were divided into four control groups and a group that received 40, 60, and 80% concentration of the extract- Onosma stinosiphon and Honey As soon as the Leishmania lesion appeared, Extract- Onosma stinosiphon was applied every two days. As well, the foot and the size of the lesion were measured; the weight was also taken in all mice in the four groups by using ale and coliss every week until the death of the last mouse in the control group. Average weight of mice receiving extracts each other and an average weight of mice of receiving honey with an average weight of control mice showed no significant difference (P> 0.05). Average diameter ulcer mice receiving extracts each other and an Average diameter ulcer mice receiving honey with an average diameter size of mice control mice showed significant difference (P = 0.000). Determine the average size of the spleen (mm) and compare survival time (days) in any study group which was not significant (P> 0.05). topical use of Onosma stinosiphon extract in the treatment of cutaneous Leishmaniasis wounds causes to be the growth slower diameter size and use of topical honey prevention of cause necrosis and creation of secondary bacterial infections are, but it Do not none whole parasite removal from the body.

Carbon nano tubes are products which have the ability to remove some contaminants from aqueous solutions and wastewater. The efficiency of these products depends on different factors such as PH, concentration, contact, mixing time, etc. in this research the efficiency of oxidized multi- walled carbon nanotubes is studied. The study is Experimental. The multi-walled carbon nanotubes were oxidized and Three PH 4, 7 and 10 and contact times 5, 10 and 40 min, and the concentrations of 50, 100 and 125 mg of carbon nanotubes from aqueous Pb removal efficiency were examined.All of the tests were done according to the standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater book 21th edited..Real samples of drinking water was the village of Ebrahim Abad RazaviSirjan. Data analysis was done using SPSS statistical software version 16 By Simultaneous changes in time and PH was changed the efficiency of lead removal by the oxidized multi- walled carbon nanotubes. The most important factor in increasing the efficiency of removal, using acidic PH (PH =4) is. With a Simultaneous increase in contact time and concentration of nanotubes, the removal efficiency increased. In optimal conditions, 125 mg of nanotube concentration, contact time of 10 minutes and PH=4 removal of lead in synthetic samples and real samples, respectively, 99.1 and 94% were achieved. In total there is little difference between the real conditions and the synthetic conditions of the removal efficiency that this difference arises from the interaction of cations, anions and heavy metals in real samples. Oxidized multi-walled Carbon nanotubes has a high capacity for the removal of lead from aqueous solutions.

Abstract

Recently virtue has become a topic of serious examination among organizational researchers. In other words, organizations are moving toward virtuous organization. The purpose of this paper is determining and prioritizing the principal factors of a virtuous organization in Yazd University-Affiliated Hospitals in order to put virtues into practice.

The procedure we proposed to reach the research aim consists of three steps. In the first Step, we extracted the effective drivers of virtuous organization from the literature. In the second step, we performed an exploratory factor analysis to identify the principal factors affecting virtuous organization Yazd University-Affiliated Hospitals. In the third step, we prioritized the principal factors. The data used in this research consist of questionnaire responses from the employees of Yazd University-Affiliated Hospitals. A total of 240 questionnaires were sent out and a total of 158 valid responses were received.

The factor analysis empirically grouped these drivers into six factors including ethical Culture, Management and leadership, vision, human resource, structure of job and organization and Care for Community.

The results of ranking the factors of organizational virtuous showed that for moving toward virtuousness, the factors of ethical Culture, vision and Care for Community should be improvedby promoting ethics (Providing ethical standards for employee’s and manager’s behavior), Corporate Philanthropy, considering virtues in mission and vision etc. in mentioned hospitals.

The role of the family atmosphere in relation to public health of high school female students in Yazd. Family as a social system is with basic needs, like: Self-esteem, physical security, belonging and intimacy, dependency, responsibility, need to be motivated and approved by others, pointed out the need for happiness, success, and spiritual needs. Every family situation is unique and emotional space and office procedures and practices are different. If people, especially parents, knew the effect of family atmosphere and their performance on health and prosperity of children, they will try to balance and support their children. Therefore, we decided to study the relationship between public health and family atmosphere of students. This study is a descriptive survey method. The data was collected by the General Health Questionnaire(GHQ 28) and family atmosphere questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 and descriptive analytic test. The results showed that all students of different scale of public health (physical symptoms scale, scale of anxiety, social functioning scale and a scale of depression) were slightly mild. The results showed there was negative significant difference(P<0.001) between all of the Structures Inventory family atmosphere and scales of GHQ28With the exception of the structure, openness to others. The results of this study and comparison with other studies is good guide for education and training of children and students and Parents can use them to improve the health of their children.