نشریه مطالعات راهبردی بسیج
پیاپی 63 (تابستان 1393)

Spirituality and spiritual orientation, is one of the Islamic educational issues that covers whole thought and action of Imam Khomeini. Many scholars admit that he is one of the great exponents of Islam in recent times. He is also educated with this school and his beliefs, personal and social thoughts and actions matches with Islamic teachings or their interpretation of “Islame-Naabe-Mohammadi”. With this assumption, the author seeks to answer these questions: What is spirituality from the perspective of Imam Khomeini? What are its dimensions, indicators and concepts? On this basis, understanding and explaining of spiritual ideas and behaviors of Imam Khomeini is one of the basic needs of the scientific community because by theorizing and production of literature in the field of intellectual ideas and views of Imam Khomeini the appropriate field for publication in the society will be provided, while the new spiritual schools have provided grounds for spiritual distortions by abuse of faith and spiritual needs of people and youth. Such environment requires explanation of traditional views by using scientific methods. Thus understanding of spirituality and authentic spirituality, taken from the votes, thoughts and spiritual practices of Imam Khomeini can introduce Islamic spiritual education to the seekers of spirituality in Islam and all segments of society, particularly young people.

Political culture as one of the basic concepts of society, is one of its realities. It could be considered as a multi-dimensional phenomenon consisted of beliefs, values, attitudes, knowledge and political feelings. In fact, political culture is a framework which forms political behavior. According to the definition, the Shiite political culture is an integral set of beliefs, values and symbols of Shiism that obtains from Shiite resources and has been the basis of Shiite interaction against political systems and government including areas in which political culture plays a significant role. Thus, the purpose of study is the role of Shiite political culture in the soft power of Islamic republic of Iran. The method used in this research is descriptive. The data collection has applied library and internet resources. The results of the study reveal that in Islamic republic of Iran system the dominant political culture is value-based. Consequently, the legitimacy of the political system is value-based. Shiite religious teachings can help us to legitimize the formation and strengthening of such values. Increasing the legitimacy of system would undoubtedly increase the soft power.

This study aims to evaluate the reflection of damage related to consumption and production pattern in selected textbooks of sixth and seventh grades. The list of damages selected with reference to available resources. The research method is content analysis and data analysis is Shannon entropy and frequency measurement. The statistical society selected from sixth and seventh grades textbooks of general education courses. The research tool is content analysis. Its validity estimated through content analysis and its reliability is based on Scott reliability (0.85). Results showed that at sixth and seventh grade textbooks, from total of seven components,”damages of consumption pattern” only three components have mentioned:”exhaustion of natural resources and factors of production”,”consumption combined with wastage”,”failure to observe inter-generational justice in the use of public resources”. The capacity of some books such as “Heavenly gifts”, “Persian”,”Thinking and research and IT” have ignored to reflect the related subjects for modifying consumption pattern in production pattern damages section. Only “low productivity” for sixth grade, and “disproportionate growth of imports with growth” from seventh grade have mentioned in the form of a question. So, it can be concluded that in the form of selected textbooks the texts related to “damages of consumption and production patterns” have limited compatibility with the contents of the selected books.

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of “Ayehaye Tamadon” in Hamedan province by using kirk Patrick model. The study is functionalin terms of purpose, and is integrated in terms of data collection. The statistical society includes all talented students participating in “Ayehaye Tamadon” and all executives and professionals involved in this project in Hamedan province. The effectiveness of “Ayehaye Tamadon” is based on the pattern of kirk Patrick. The research has carried out at three levels of response, learning and learning transfer. In accordance with these three levels sampling, data collection and data analysis tools at response level are: random stratified sampling, questionnaires and T sample test, respectively. At learning level are: purposive sampling, semi-structured interviews and content analysis, respectively. At transfer of learning level are: simple random sampling. The ranks of people at entrance exam and T-test were independent for two groups. The results revealed that at response level sample people had average satisfaction with course content. Satisfaction with facilities was above the average. In terms of learning, the results showed that the acquired knowledge was satisfactory and finally in terms of learning transfer the results revealed that the rate of participating students in ‘Ayehaye Tamadon” was significantly better than other students ranking.

Identity means who and what the person is. It is a complex and fluid concept that over time is subject to change and is the difference of a person, group or society in comparison with other people, groups and societies. According to such rule, many societies help their citizens in order to achieve a coherent identity. The purpose of this paper is to explain the Basij role in strengthening of youth national identity. The interviews are with social and cultural experts, academics and subject experts in Basij. Moreover, the Delphi method and qualitative approach has been applied. The Delphi questionnaire has also used to collect data. Comparison of national identity dimensions demonstrates Islamic dimension (Islam, Shiism and Islamic values) with average rating of 3.5, Iranian dimension (cultural, land and ancient Iranian civilization) with average rating of 2.7, Ethnic dimension (families, tribes and Iranian groups) with average rating of 2.2, and finally new dimension (values and cultural symbols of other nations) with average rating of 0.5, form the highest and lowest dimensions of national identity (Islamic-Iranian), respectively. In all declared characteristics of national identity (Islamic-Iranian) the sense of belonging and affection towards national identity is more than commitment and defense readiness (behavior) and the rate of commitment and behavior is more than knowledge and awareness towards the elements of national identity. Some of the main role creation priorities of Basij in strengthening the national identity among youth are as follows:1. Maintaining of Islamic dimension dominance and efforts to strengthen the elements and Iranian dimension characteristics of national identity.2. Emphasis on strengthening the knowledge and awareness dimension of national identity in comparison with emotional and behavioral dimensions.3. Taking effective measures to strengthen national identity with emphasis on national unity, religious unity, ethnic solidarity, happiness and joy among youth.

Since the failure of Muslims in 1857 AD against Great Britain colonialism, as well as other factors such as ‘’ the fall of Ottoman Caliphate”, “Sufi superstitions and innovations”, and “British harassment”, the conflict between Muslims and Hindus intensified. By the same token, with the creation of interactive activities a war entitled “Tabligh” was formed in order to strengthen the cohesion and vigor of defense among Muslims. The movement worked against two fronts of Evangelicals and Hindus. The Tablighi Jamaat led by Mohammad Ilyas Kandhalvy, a Sunni Hanafi scholar and traditionalist belonged to the theological school of Matridiyah. The movement was looking for change and inspired by an ideology, utilized the mystical way, organized a new experience of power technology which includes: Law enforcement, the self-commanding and self-organizing institutions. The religious thought of the movement is contrary to their claims and mixed with politics. Their political process comprises proximity to power with use of simple tools and techniques like mosque, free manpower and personal expenses. Tablighi Jamaat is the most influential and comprehensive contemporary Islamic movement in the Indian subcontinent and neighboring countries. The movement began from a region near Delhi and gradually spread all over India and later subcontinent and other countries. This study seeks to answer the following question: Does policy in Tablighi Jamaat movement apply to third world countries that have an incomplete state-nation building process? To answer this question, we can say that in third world countries the state-nation building process is influenced by competition and religious relations. Thus the Jamaat hardware dimensions such as group structures and establishment of centers and related organizations show more advancement. Particularly after “Septemeber 11th, 2011” events, due to cross-border communications and join with crisis-maker countries in international security and more than other reasons, religious competition root in internal structure and external factors. Some other cases stem from illusion of mind.