مجله دانش سیاسی و بین المللی
سال دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 5، بهار 1392)

The cyber-attacks and cyber-threats have an important position in the national security strategies of the United States of America. Although, cyber war by true meaning has not happened so far, but daily cyber-attacks show indications of terrible cyber war in future. Therefore, United States by considering this issue and this fact that if the cyber war occur, losses and threats of war won’t be less than classic war has worked on the different projects and institutional initiatives and hence American’s national security strategy has changed in some aspects. The objective of this paper is describing the cyberspace, cyber-attacks and cyber-threats and its role in American’s national security strategy. What is the position of cyberspace in American’s national security strategy, is the mean question of this paper. The main hypothesis to answer this question is: by according the importance of cyberspace in United States and future threat from cyber-attacks, America has revised its own national security strategy and has added cyberspace dimension – as a fifth dimension- to traditional threats aspects (four dimensions are land, sea, air and space). The subordinate hypothesis of this paper is that although cyber war in the real mean has not happened so far, but daily cyber-attacks (different from cyber war) show terrible view of cyber war in future and in the national security strategy of United states, happening of cyber war can jeopardize welfare and safety of citizens irreversibly as like as classic war. The assumption of this paper is that the most important threat in the happening of cyber war is destruction of critical infrastructure which is based on cyberspace. This paper is written by descriptive-analytical method and by means of library tool based on theoretical facts “New dimension of power in the context of cyberspace”.

Moral intelligence that was completed in 2011 is a measurable indicator for managers and employees of organization that has four factors, integrity,responsibility,compassion, forgiveness. It seems that these factors can increase the accountability of individuals in the community. If we accept that political participation, knowingly and Political development of a country depends directly on this component and in other hand, this is in response to an innate sense of human who is elusive from loneliness and seeks his excellence in the community and helping to fellow human beings. It can be an expression of the relationship between participation and moral intelligence. Thus, the main research question is: What do moral intelligence impact on political participation; in case study of university of Esfahan. Research Hypothesis States that there is significant relationship between moral intelligence and political participation. The method of this research in collection and data analysis is survey and The study have been included 300 members of university staff and professor in Esfahan university. data was collected through questionnaire and were analyzed by SPSS software

A series of alteration and developments have been made in Iraq’s political structure by the US Invasion of Iraq and collapse of the Baath regime which caused fundamental changes in politics, security and foreign relations of the Middle East. As regards Iran’s foreign policy would be affected by future Iraq government and circumstance of bilateral relations regulation, therefore the establishment and adjustment of foreign policy toward Iraq could be observed as entry into international political scene. In this article the circumstance of effectiveness of Islamic republic of Iran's foreign policy towards Iraq over regional position of Iran was evaluated using analytical-descriptive method which ultimately resulted in that foreign policy towards Iraq has been led to turn Iran into a prominent political power and has promoted regional position of Iran as a leading power.

The Ideal of many social reformists in various intellectual traditions was to build a society in which all people live with respect (honor) and are able to open their abilities, qualifications and potentials up and enjoy the endowments of life. It is possible to judge theses ideals (on the basis of) according to the approach which they take to human dignity. Nowadays, the issue of human dignity became a central subject for (of) dialogue and discussion between thinkers of Humanity. It is also possible to study the Islamic and liberal approaches (view points) from this respect.Suporting from self atonomy and self actualization of individuals is the base of liberalism for protecting of human dignity. Liberal values such as individual freedom,egality, human rights and neutrality of government.justify on the basis of self atonomy Its cause refers to very fundamental contrast between Islamic and modern vision in definition of human dignity. It is important point that special manner of justifying human dignity became a big problem in liberal tradition. After arranging liberal principles and elements, it discuss about theoretical weak and following its practical difficulties and transcendent vision of Islam, that pay in Quran and religious narratives very prominently and comprehensively, introduce as a saving route from liberal democratic accelerative straitened circumstance.

Development has been one of the concepts which is required of societies and there is both different and challenging views about achieving that. As a result of the key role played by political development among other aspects of development, it should be paid serious attention. It is obvious that achieving political development is not easy and it is coupled with problems and barriers and there is some beliefs, attitudes, and thoughts hindering political development. Therefore this study focuses on cultural barriers through descriptive and analytical approach, predicate library method, and the theory of Gabriel Almond and Sidny VerbaThe purpose of this study is that based on the importance of paying attention to political development aspects, firstly should be evaluated what the cultural barriers of political development is in Islamic Republic of Iran, secondly what the solution is. Therefore, we need a list of cultural barriers of political development which seems that the most important ones are non-rational public culture such as lack of obeying the law, solitary and negative individualism, dogmatism and avoiding criticism, government's lack of paying attention to the culture of facilitating the political development. It seems that the most effective sectors which can reduce the cultural barriers are education system and media.

the study of electoral behavior as a crucial subject of political sociology which is going to know the quality and technique of voting among different groups of the society is an important issue. A significant feature of such studies is to recognize and determine the essential variables which influence on electoral behavior, weight and extent of the influence on the given society. Thus, this study attempts to recognize the social and economic variables which can affect the presidential electoral behavior in Kermanshah city. Methodology of the paper is based on survey, and through questionnaire data has been collected. The study was conducted on 385 eligible voters in Kermanshah city who have been regionally chosen according to variables such as residence, age group and sex. For data collection, questionnaires were used whose validity was evaluated using formal method and their reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha statistic, and data were analyzed using SPSS in Windows. Following Pearson correlation coefficient, and regression analysis, findings show that variable of propaganda, referenced groups, social bases, and education have respectfully the most impact on the electoral behavior in the given society. Obviously, such findings do not reject the importance of other variables due to confirmation of 7 hypotheses out of 10 which indicate the impact of other variables on the electoral behavior.