مجله زبانشناسی و گویش های خراسان
پیاپی 11 (پاییز و زمستان 1393)

In the recent theory of generative grammar there are two major views on case assignment. The standard Chomskyan view stats that case is assigned by the grammatical head to the closest NP through an agreement relationship (Baker, 2010). In this approach case has a purely syntactic notion as a case assigner and is directly related to structural cases and structural relations of case receiving NPs. In the second view case assigning takes place by corpus rules in the phonological component. In this approach there is no direct relationship between case assignment and agreement, and the morphological hierarchy assigns the case for NPs. In this article based on data from Sorani Kurdish dialects of Sanandaj and Bane and comparing the similarities and differences of these two varieties of Kurdish, it is shown that different varieties of Sorani Kurdish follow different approaches in their case assigning system.

Traditional work on pro-drop languages identified a set of parametric values ‎associated with the availability of null subjects, including the presence of null ‎expletive subjects. In the same vein, but more within the framework of Minimalist ‎Program, I will discuss while referential subjects may optionally be overt or covert ‎in the Persian, expletives are obligatorily null. In this regard, a covert pronoun ‎expletive will be claimed to have merged in the surface subject position of all zero-‎place predicates and some unaccusative structures where the internal argument is a ‎PP or CP, satisfying the EPP feature - a requirement forcing some DP to appear in ‎the specifier of the clausal head. This analysis is empirically supported by a number ‎of facts arguing against the idea that pronoun in (this) can freely appear as an ‎expletive subject.‎

Considering the importance of Mashhadi in comparison with other dialects, the present research aims at analyzing the verb "go" when it means "become", and comparing Mashhadi and English in this regard. Moreover, this study seeks to investigate how variables such as age, gender, educational and social levels play roles in employing the verb "go" in Mashhadi dialect. To this end, 300 conversations were recorded in various situations uttered by male and female participants, aging 13-76, with different educational levels (academic/non-academic), and from different social levels (low/middle/high). The results were displayed in tables. In addition, in order to explore participant's attitude towards Mashhadi dialect, 10 of the aforementioned participants were randomly selected and interviewed. Data collection in English section was done with the use of information banks and reference books. The results of this study suggested that utilizing the verb "go" with the meaning of "become" is influenced by age, gender, educational and social levels. Moreover, there are similarities and differences between Mashhadi and English with regard to employing this verb.

em nu hu ki. no evidence of the books written in perscien Language. In the frist half of ao.ht century manichand ues nmi.hf rthdeU.jhdsme.asedu. These text are discoverd in Turfan Uin tuyugh and i qara shahr.In this articel we have attempd to survey all these new persian mj kjgft Ukjm iuyn ndfsdssn mkj frtn mn hj gfdv ytrfh djeuhn sdfref ans bytg kjhuy dertf hgfd sdcbftryhg noiyutghgbf mjjgfdsetrgf hgfjngb sweryfhft hgf hjyui fdre gth hgbvfde ythg juijh gfrt gfdvb gtrfd gfrrfedfr trgfdsfvb ghyuj jhggfbfg redfgh hjuikjuikj

National anthems known as texts constructed based on symbolic approaches and are always significant. This research is intended to study the national anthem from the perspective of linguistics in the context of Laclau & Mouffe, Van Dijk and some linguistic tools. This research is trying to answer the following questions: What are the nodal points of each country´s national anthem?What is the relationship between the degree of development of countries and the concepts embodied in their national anthems? What are the discourse linguistic similarities and differences between the findings in the literature of the national anthems?To this end, the national anthems of 114 countries of 5 continents of the world reviewed. From nodal points which used in the national anthems of developed countries,war,prayer with God,freedom,futurism,retrospection and describe the nature of the land have used widely.In the national anthems of the developing countries,the nodal points of the war,freedom,futurism, retrospection,unity,peace and reconciliation and describe the nature of the land are the most widely used of nodal points.In the national anthems of the least developed countries,the nodal points of the war,freedom,futurism,unity,peace and reconciliation,retrospection,and prayer with God have the highest frequency.