محمد همتی

Time perspective therapy, by altering individuals' perception of time, helps them establish a better balance between their past, present, and future, thereby distancing them from negative experiences. In contrast, positive therapy enhances psychological well-being by strengthening individuals' capabilities and increasing positive emotions. Although both approaches have shown effectiveness individually, there is insufficient research on the integration of these approaches and the potential synergistic effects on depressed patients.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an integrated training package based on time perspective therapy and positive therapy on the quality of life and psychological well-being of depressed patients.

This research employed a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population included all individuals referred to the Amin Counseling Center affiliated with Islamic Azad University in 2022. From these, 40 individuals were selected through convenience sampling and assigned to experimental and control groups (20 per group). Data collection tools included the Psychological Well-being Questionnaire (Ryff, 2002) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHO, 1996). Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance in SPSS software, version 26.

Findings indicated that the integrated training based on time perspective and positive therapy led to a significant improvement in the quality of life of depressed individuals (p< 0.01). Additionally, the training was effective in enhancing psychological well-being (p< 0.01), and this effect remained stable over a two-month period (p< 0.01).

Based on the study’s results, it is recommended that health system officials conduct further research to monitor factors affecting depression and to focus on improving the quality of life of depressed patients. Establishing a database for patients with depressive disorders and implementing structured treatment programs is also advised.

In an exploratory way, this research has analyzed the components of understanding political issues and designed the framework of production problems in the National Iranian Oil Company. In the process of this research, the components counted in previous researches include 3243 concepts 264 sub components and 16 main components based on a survey of experts and managers of the oil industry and experts in the field of energy management and public policy in the form of managerial factors, factors implementation, peripheral factors, intrinsic factors and the achievements of understanding policy issues in production policy making in the National Iranian Oil Company were verified and prioritized. The results show that the highest agreement from the perspective of the participants in the research was on the recognition of the efficiency and effectiveness of policy issues in the National Iranian Oil Company, and the lowest agreement was reached on the thematic recognition of the issues. Framing the process of recognizing issues related to the subject of this research shows the role of institutional recognition and understanding the comprehensiveness of issues in the framework of management factors, the role of typology and thematic, content and formal recognition of issues in the framework of factors related to the nature of the issue, the role of recognizing and mapping stakeholders and Contextual and environmental factors related to issues in the framework of peripheral factors of the issue, recognition of technologies related to production and structure of the issue in the framework of executive factors and recognition of the approach, transparency, efficiency and effectiveness and legitimacy of issues as the achievements of the recognition process.

The purpose of this research is to present a model based on media and social networks in the management of intelligent electricity consumption. According to its purpose, the research method is practical, quantitative in terms of implementation, exploratory in nature, and cross-sectional in terms of time. The statistical population of the research includes 179 of all the people who were connected with the electricity company and its activities during the last week and in social networks, who were selected by random sampling. A standard questionnaire was used to collect data. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis, data analysis was done using SPSS and Lisrel software. The results of this research indicate the existence of six variables; which has two parts: antecedents (social networks) and consequences (word of mouth advertising, brand loyalty, intelligence and social knowledge) in the field of smart consumption management. Also, the GOF index was obtained as 0.88, which shows the strong fit of the model.

Social responsibility is one of the important concepts that includes economic, social, and environmental fields. The purpose of this research was to examine the components and indicators of the social responsibility model of the National Company of the Southern Oil-rich Regions. The first statistical population includes specialists and experts of oil-rich regions companies and academics in the field of social responsibility, 15 of whom were selected. The second statistical population includes the beneficiaries and users of the social responsibility field. The number of them was calculated as 394 individuals. The third community involves managers and trustees of social responsibility programs; 79 people were selected as a sample. The results of the analysis of the content of the resolutions of the major oil companies of the world, the dimensions of the desired model were examined. Finally, with the help of structural-interpretive modeling and Mic Mac software, the desired model was drawn, and the five levels of this model were introduced. After content analysis and two rounds of Delphi implementation, twelve components and 58 indicators were extracted. These can be considered components and indicators of the social responsibility model of the National Company of Southern Oil Regions for the ecosystem of each region. These dimensions and components were screened in the second round of Delphi. Finally, in prioritizing the components, the organizational social responsibility index, with a relative weight of 0.330, is the most important. Therefore, among the 12 indicators, it has the most impact.

This research has been carried out with the aim of designing the developed model of social responsibility of the national company of the southern oil-rich regions, using the technique of content analysis. This research is qualitative research that by analyzing the content of the social responsibility policies of leading companies in the implementation of social responsibility in the world and Iran's oil industry, the dimensions and components of the model were identified and then confirmed by the Delphi method. The first statistical population includes specialists and experts of companies in oil-rich regions and academics in the field of social responsibility, the number of these people is 20 people. 15 people were selected by the judgment method and available. The second statistical population includes the beneficiaries and beneficiaries of the social responsibility field. The number of these people is unlimited. Based on Cochran's formula for unlimited communities, the number of these people was calculated as 394 people. The third community is the executors and trustees of social responsibility programs. The number of these custodians in the headquarters of the National Company of the Southern Oil Regions, which are he officials and those involved in the implementation of the social responsibility program, is 100 people, and 79 people were selected as a sample by a simple random method and using the Cochran formula. The results of the analysis of the content of the resolutions of major oil companies in the world showed that the dimensions and components of social economic responsibility, organizational social responsibility, social responsibility of stakeholders, governance social responsibility, customer-oriented social responsibility, development-oriented social responsibility, environmental social responsi-bility, Ethical social responsibility, civil social responsibility, social responsibility, accountability, individual social responsibility, and civil social responsibility are the dimensions of the desired model, and finally, with the help of structural-interpretive modeling and with the help of Mic Mac software, the desired model is drawn and five levels This model was introduced

Considering the unbridled growth of urbanization in developing countries, poverty and deprivation are considered to be central and fundamental issues that cities are struggling with. The growth of the phenomenon of urban poverty and the deepening of the class gap in big cities has caused the formation of low-income groups in the form of local communities in specific geographical spaces, which are left out of the general development process and so-called marginalized.

In this research, ANP method and coding in MATLAB software are used for data analysis. The use of the ANP method ensures that due to the presence of acceptable mathematical analysis in this method, the selection of superior options is done in a logical and principled reasoning manner and is not simply the result of an individual's imagination and perception without support.

Findings based on different types of physical-social capacity including; Intra-group physical-social capacity, inter-group physical-social capacity, and communicative physical-social capacity are tested, analyzed and concluded.

The results of this research show that the amount of physical-social capacity within the group (which expresses the solidarity between similar people in similar situations such as family members, friends and neighbors) has a suitable level. The physical-social capacity within the group tends to prevent the penetration of others (outsiders) and wishes to maintain homogeneity. Therefore, this capital refers to relationships based on trust and cooperation among the members of a group that others are considered strangers to. This type of physical-social capacity, because it serves the interests of a certain group, causes discrimination and social inequality and hinders growth and development.

The necessity of optimal policymaking in the petrochemical industry has consistently been highlighted as one of the strategic priorities in the country's overarching documents, such that the role of these policies in securing the national interests of current and future generations cannot be overlooked. For this reason, considering future-based scenarios regarding the petrochemical industry, especially the establishment of inland hubs within the developmental horizon of the country, is crucial and this is conducted with the aim of planning with a futurology approach for the development of inland petrochemical hubs. 

In this study, qualitative content analysis, scenario formulation, prioritization of propositions, robust planning under conditions of uncertainty, and strategic evaluation methods have been employed across three phases. In this context, interviews were conducted with 20 experts. 

Based on the research findings, optimistic scenarios are predicated on the reduction of sanctions, economic stability and exchange rate, foreign financing, participation of domestic investors, and access to technology, provided that the government is directly involved. Achieving these conditions requires a shift in foreign policy aimed at sanction relief, which, in turn, is expected to facilitate the realization of other conditions. In moderate scenarios, the importance of sanction reduction remains vital, and without it, the development of petrochemical hubs seems unattainable. 

Accordingly, the manner of government intervention in these projects and its collaboration with other institutions and various sectors will play a significant role in the status of these projects.

The aim of the current research is to provide a model of human resources management based on high-performance work systems in Iran's state-owned companies (the case study of the National Company of Southern Oil-bearing Regions) and in the field of human resources management.

This research is descriptive-exploratory and mixed in terms of the method of data collection. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part, 22 experts were selected by non-probability method of targeted judgment. In the quantitative part, the statistical population including 725 people and the statistical sample of 251 people were selected by simple random method.

using the fuzzy Delphi test of dimensions; The components and indicators of research variables were identified. The variable of human resources management was identified in 18 dimensions, 41 components and 103 indicators, and the variable of high performance work systems was also identified in 5 dimensions, 31 components and 54 indicators. In the following, stratification and identification of relationships between factors were done using the ISM method. In the quantitative section, the obtained data were analyzed using appropriate statistical techniques. The test of structural equations was done to explain and check the presented model.

The research results show that the final model has good validity. Therefore, the use of accurate and advanced systems for attracting, selecting and employing people and extensive training and strengthening team spirit and creating an open communication environment, service compensation system and fair reward payment based on performance and productivity and performance evaluation system based on It is suggested based on quantitative and objective indicators.

The aim of the current research is to investigate the relationship between human resource management and high-performance work systems in Iran's state-owned companies to provide a suitable model (the case study of the National Iranian South Oil Company). This research is descriptive-exploratory and mixed in terms of its practical purpose, in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part is made up of the company's human resource management experts. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part is made up of the company's human resource management experts. The number of experts was 22 who were selected by non-probability method of targeted judgment. In the quantitative section, the statistical population including 725 people was identified and a sample of 251 people was selected by simple random method. In the qualitative phase, based on interviews and text analysis using dimensional coding techniques; The components and indices of the research variables were identified and then using the fuzzy Delphi test, the identified factors were evaluated, and the dimensions of human resource management and high-performance work systems were determined. In the quantitative stage, the raw data obtained from the statistical sample was analyzed using appropriate statistical techniques and Smart PLS 3.2.9 and SPSS 22 software. Structural equation model test was done to explain and check the presented model. The results showed that human resource management has a positive and significant relationship with high-performance work systems and all aspects of human resource management and high-performance work systems have a significant relationship with their main variable and according to the confirmation of the fit indices The model, the final model of the research, has favorable validity.

The export of knowledge-based products with high technology is considered very important for the national economy of developing countries due to its influential role in creating added value and earning currency. On the other hand, the organizational adherence of employees is also vital for the effective functioning of knowledge-based companies, and its absence causes these organizations to bear a lot of costs. In this regard, this research was carried out with the aim of developing a model of export development of knowledge-based companies in the field of electronics and electricity, focusing on improving the organizational commitment of employees in Iran. This research was carried out using a mixed method (qualitative-quantitative) which extracted 17 indicators of the desired model in the qualitative part and by using the content analysis of valid researches and determining the relationship between the indicators to achieve the model in the quantitative part. It was done by relying on the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) method. Analyzing the qualitative and quantitative data of the research was the achievement of a six-level model, the most effective indicators of this model being the appropriate working environment in knowledge-based companies, internal and external communication of knowledge-based companies, the state of labor demand in export markets and special characteristics in the sixth level of this model. were knowledge-based companies.

The main goal of this research is designing an electronic human resource management (E-HRM) model to develop administrative integrity in National Iranian Oil Company. This research based on the purpose, is a developmental-applied research, in terms of approach, it is a survey-exploratory research and in terms of type, it is a qualitative research. Therefore, to identify the components of electronic human resource management integrity-oriented was used theme analysis method. The statistical population of this research was 15 experts who were selected by purposive sampling method (theoretical saturation). Reliability was measured by test-retest reliability and validity through four criteria of credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. The model of electronic human resources management in order to improve the integrity of the administrative system was extracted from 630 primary codes in the form of 7 main themes, 16 sub-themes and 60 concepts through MAXQDA2020 software

The purpose of this research is to design supply chain scenarios and examine how it affects the relevant variables in the National Company of Southern Oil-bearing Regions. The method of this applicable research is qualitative, and analytical-survey in terms of the method of data collection. Fuzzy Delphi was used to collect information. The statistical population of the research includes the collection of experts working in the procurement and goods affairs department of the National Company of Southern Oil-bearing Regions, selected by judgmental sampling method, and the most knowledgeable people, as many as 14 persons, were selected as members of the statistical sample. Questionnaires and interviews were used to obtain primary data. The research questionnaire includes 50 components in 5 paradigms of resilience, lean, agility, knowledge management, and jihadi management. Delphi method and Kendall's correlation coefficient were used for the validity of the questionnaire, and Cronbach's alpha method was used to calculate the reliability of the research questionnaire. Analysis of the research data carried out by the Rizad scenario. Three supply chain scenarios were designed in order to investigate how they affect the relevant variables, as follows: increasing shipping capacity, increasing the volume of orders, and reducing the time of sending orders. The results of the surveys showed that the excessive increase in the sending capacity, the increase in the volume of orders, and the decrease in the time of sending the orders will have their own positive and negative results, which the creation of a favorable and optimal situation based on the various outputs of the model will be fruitful in the context of adopting the organization's policy.

Tourism as an effective and influencing industry has been able to attract the attention of policy makers and planners. This industry is a broad activity that brings with it important economic, social, cultural and environmental effects, and each can be discussed in its place.The purpose of this research was to analyze the pattern of tourism destination branding with an emphasis on social networks with a sociological approach. The research method is a qualitative case study and the participants are elites. By using the purposeful sampling method and theoretical saturation technique, key informants (including 16 people) were selected to identify the framework of the research model and interviews were conducted with them. The tool used to identify the factors of the research model is a semi-structured interview. (with focus groups) and the study of documents. To ensure validity and reliability of the study, the assessment method of Linuklen and Goba was used. The paradigm model of this research was designed based on the paradigm model of Strauss and Corbin. After conducting research interviews, there were 43 codes. It was determined in general. Table 2 shows the results related to these codes. According to the results of the present research, it was determined that the variables influencing tourism destination branding include audience attraction, sustainable development, brand knowledge, regional needs, and support. Localization, public trust and human resource management and individual and group interactions.

The necessity of moving from general theories and reaching structural theories has doubled the importance of comparative evaluation method. Policymakers are often faced with complex questions in the field of policy design and evaluation. They should be able to convince the stakeholders that the problem has been identified correctly and the result of the desired policy will meet their expectations. For this purpose, this research identified the problem-solving components in public policy-making with a systematic review of previous studies and researches in the form of 16 groups and based on the judgment of a 15-member panel of experts from the government sector of the Iranian oil industry, universities and the private sector of the oil industry and Gas has subjected the calculated components to a scientific and comprehensive understanding of issues related to production policy in the National Iranian Oil Company using the triangular fuzzy Delphi method, in order to finally provide a comprehensive framework for production issues in the said company. This research has identified 262 components of problem analysis in the form of 16 groups in three stages of the triangular fuzzy Delphi method, corresponding to the problem analysis in the production policy of the National Iranian Oil Company.

This research aims to examine and analyze export barriers effect on the marketing performance in Iranian petrochemical of South Pars region. Literature and background were studied, then through semi-structured interviews with 30 people including managers and experts from the commercial and marketing department of petrochemical companies were selected purposefully. The interview and content analysis method were used to identify the design components of the export barriers identification research model, and a questionnaire was developed. Then, quantitative approaches were used to verify the qualitative results and test the model, and LISREL software was used to analyze the data. Export barriers in Iranian petrochemical companies were identified in four categories including procedural barriers, knowledge barriers, marketing barriers and external barriers. The conceptual model of export barriers was defined and fitted based on the outputs of the quality department. According to the values of parameters related to the model along with factor loadings and path coefficients and according to the values of standard coefficients and significant coefficients of t obtained, it can be concluded that there is a direct relationship between the factors and the indicators showed that this model has a good fit. The results showed that export barriers had a negative effect on the marketing performance of petrochemical companies. External barriers with a path coefficient of -0.69, procedural barriers with -0.51, knowledge barriers with -0.49, and marketing barriers with a path coefficient of -0.43 ranked first to fourth.

The purpose of the current research is to provide a performance management model for managers in Iran's National Oil Company. To achieve this goal, the factors were identified using a qualitative approach. The research community includes all the heads and experts working in the National Oil Company, and the research sample was selected from among the people working in the National Oil Company. The sampling method was non-probability of the judgment type. In this research, systematic literature method (SLR) and Delphi technique have been used. Kendall's correlation coefficient was used to analyze the data and reach the consensus of the members. The selected articles and documents were evaluated in terms of quality in the systematic literature method (SLR), and in the Delphi section, the opinions of 25 experts including managers, heads and experts of the National Iranian Oil Company in the field of human resources were used. So that 235 concepts extracted through a systematic review of the literature in the form of a questionnaire and in several rounds of Delphi and finally in the form of 6 dimensions (intra-organizational, external-organizational, input elements, individual factors, performance management process, results) and 25 components. , the identification factors and performance management model of managers of National Iranian Oil Company were presented.

issue scrutinizing is a multi-dimensional phenomenon that has been paid less attention as an independent stage in the policy-making process. Weakness in scrutinizing the issues causes ineffective policies. Using a comprehensive framework to scrutinize policy issues provides the possibility for policy makers to determine and deal with priority issues and strategies efficiently and effectively. This research provides components to understand policy issues in the field of production of National Iranian Oil Company. This research is an adaptation of a doctorate thesis with the title of presenting the problem-solving framework of production in the National Iranian Oil Company and it presents a conceptual model that is the result of qualitative content analysis of 252 documents, 169 of which are first category and 83 non-first category and in the form of 20 The concept is grouped. This research has counted 3243 concepts, 264 secondary components and 16 main components during three stages of open, central and selective coding. The results of this research show that the components related to governance, interested groups, influential groups, problem sensitivity, problem domain, the time period of occurrence and the costs related to the problem have an effect on the process of scrutinizing production policy issues in the National Iranian Oil Company.

 Theft is one of the crimes that has a great impact on the security and sense of securityin the society, the prevention and reduction of which has always been one of theconcerns of the police organizations. Therefore, demanding and making responsible isvery important in the process of crime prevention. This research was conducted with theaim of investigating the mechanisms of making non-governmental organizationsresponsible for preventing theft (the case of study of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiariprovince). The current research is based on the purpose of the applied type, based onthe nature and design of the research in a qualitative way. The tool used in the researchwill be a semi-structured interview. The statistical population was divided into twoqualitative groups: 14 experts in the field of police station performance and 175quantitative groups using Cochran's formula. Data analysis was done using SPSSsoftware and descriptive and survey statistics were used for data analysis. The findingsin the qualitative section showed that accountability mechanisms were identified in fourcategories: cultural mechanisms, social mechanisms, economic mechanisms, andsecurity and preventive mechanisms. The research results showed that strengtheningthese mechanisms can be effective in preventing theft.

The purpose of this research is to rank and model the interpretive structure of sustainable and innovative business factors of dam tourist resorts in Khuzestan province, a case study of the Maroon Dam tourist resort. This issue contributes to the existing literature by examining how business model innovation may contribute to sustainability in the specific context of tourism and hospitality. 

Research method:

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and mixed (quantitative) in terms of type of research. First, effective factors were extracted by literature review, content analysis and related researches. Then, FAHP and ISM techniques were used to verify the model extracted from the qualitative part, and based on the opinions of academic and executive experts, the relationships between various factors were determined and analyzed. It is the background.

Based on these findings, the dimensions of a sustainable and innovative business model for dams tourist accommodation in Khuzestan province include customer orientation, communication mix, revenue generation, value creation, key activities, key resources, stakeholder management, key partners, costing, Sustainability, social responsibility and innovation were identified and confirmed.

This study shows that sustainable and innovative business factors can increase the business efficiency of tourist accommodations and, in addition, meet the expectations of tourists and become more sustainable.

Aquifers, as the primary source of freshwater in coastal zones, are always threatened by saltwater intrusion, so assessment of groundwater behavior in response to the seawater has ever been of interest to researchers. Employing physical-laboratory models is one of the conventional methods in the study of groundwater dynamics in contact to saltwater. In this paper, the experiences of setting up a laboratory model of seawater intrusion issues are presented in detail. The model is 118 cm long, 12 cm wide and 60 cm high and uniform Glass beads are used as the porous medium in two different grain sizes. In this research, the challenges of construction, keeping the head and salinity constant in the side and main tanks as well as estimation of seepage flow rate have been studied. Results showed that the tests performed in coarse-grained medium reached a steady state in a shorter time than fine-grained one, with more accuracy which led to less salinity variation during the test. Furthermore, the conducted analysis on the dyes used as tracers of saltwater revealed that the amount of absorption of a dye seems independent from the grain size. Among all employed chemical and food dyes, Sunset-Yellow showed a very good match with saltwater movement in the medium. The findings of current research present a useful guideline for carrying relevant experiments out as well design of a successful setup.

Flood is one of the most destructive weather hazards in the world. The frequent occurrence of urban floods has affected public safety and limited the sustainable development of the social economy. The present study was conducted with the aim of preparing a flood intensity zoning map and analyzing its relationship with vegetation in Qirokarzin city in Fars province. For this purpose, after reviewing various sources, by introducing five effective criteria in the occurrence of floods, which were repeated in other researches in this field, the factors of height, slope, and distance from the river, topographic index and height of runoff were selected as effective factors. By using the method of network analysis process (ANP) in Super decision software, weighting and then using the simple weighted sum method, the final map has been obtained. In this regard, vegetation changes have been obtained using Landsat images in 2000 and 2021 and NDVI index. The results showed that the most effective criterion was the topographic index and Qirokarzin city was located in five zones of very low, low, medium, high and very high risk of flooding, among which 1849/6 square kilometer (54.8%) of Qirokarzin city were in the zone with the risk of flooding is very high. also, the analysis of vegetation changes showed that despite the development of agriculture and horticulture and the resulting relative improvement of the average values of the NDVI index, in the upper reaches of the watersheds of this city, the vegetation cover of forest and pasture lands has decreased significantly, and finally the effects of this problem lead to residential areas and agricultural and horticultural lands in 2021 compared to 2000 are located in areas with high flood potential with a higher percentage, this issue can confirm that the protection of land use in the upstream area is in accordance with to what extent can the policy of maintaining the existing cover and developing vegetation covers by using plants that have high soil protection value play a role in mitigating and suppressing the flooding of the downstream lands.

Background and Simultaneously with the progress of science and technology, the methods and tactics of criminals have also become more complex, and the police must equip themselves with modern tools to overcome this challenge. One of the new and advanced methods in mass determination is the use of new electronic tools. In this research, the concepts related to the electronic tools used in crime detection, the ways to increase its capabilities and the future needs of the police are discussed and investigated. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and explanatory in terms of collecting materials through field, library and internet search. In this research, while collecting the theoretical literature related to the new topic under investigation, it is presented to examine the new tools used by the crime detection units, explain the future needs and measures that provide a more suitable platform for more use of these tools. . The main application of the new electronic tool is to discover and track digital effects and identity and biometric (biometric) characteristics of people and objects. There are suitable modern electronic tools at the disposal of mass detection units, but the number of these tools is limited, but it is necessary to provide all the tools intelligently, online and with non-stop support to the users in order to provide the agility of the organization.

This article is aimed at designing and validating a model for overcoming the challenges of virtual education in the post-corona era. This cross-sectional study in terms of purpose is exploratory, in terms of audience is basic and in terms of approach is a mixed research. The participants in the qualitative section was made up of 20 Tehran’s  educational managers and experts at the first secondary level. After interviewing 17 persons who have been selected purposefully we reached theoretical saturation. The statistical population in the quantitative section consists of teachers of the first secondary level at Tehran in the academic year of 1400-1401. The sample size was estimated to be 384 teachers, selected via Cochran's formula and cluster-random method. The data collection tools were semi-structured interviews in the qualitative phase and researcher-made questionnaires, which were validated by construct validity, convergent validity and divergent validity methods. Using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability, the reliability of the questionnaire was also evaluated. In order to t identify the dimensions and components of the research, we used thematic analysis and for finding   the relationships of the elements we used the structural-interpretive modeling method and for validating the research model we applied the partial least squares method. The results of the research showed that the infrastructure of human resources and technology ,and the rules of virtual education provide a context for the culturalization of virtual education. Cultivation of virtual education has led to the digital skills of teachers and the monitoring system of virtual education, and these factors also lead to the participation of students. Students' participation is related to the performance evaluation system of virtual education and the creation of a teaching-learning environment, and at  the end, the development of virtual education can be achieved through the efficiency of the educational system and the repair of students' learning gaps.

Modeling the lake water surface temperature (WST) can help to improve the simulation of the evaporation component. In this study, with the aim of simulating the WST of Lake Urmia, the one-dimensional FLake model was used for the period 2001-2021 and the results were compared with the observations obtained from MODIS images. The results showed that the north (N) and south (S) of the lake have thermodynamic differences. In both the northern and southern parts of the lake, an increasing trend (0.084 °C year-1 and 0.117 °C year-1, respectively) in water surface temperature is observed, and the slope of changes in the south of the lake is steeper than in the north of the lake. The FLake model is able to simulate WST fluctuations in a relatively good way. However, the model shows a warm bias of about 3 °C in both parts. In general, the model is less accurate in simulating the temperature of the winter days (MBE_N=4.4 °C and MBE_S=4.2 °C) than the summer days (MBE_N=1.9 °C and MBE_S=1.0 °C). The modeled stratification of the lake is of warm monomictic type, and the investigation of the thermal stratification pattern indicates an earlier start of the mixing period in the south of the lake. Also, the examination of the relationship between the changes in WST and the atmospheric characteristics showed that air temperature and air humidity explain the most variance in WST; but the increasing trend of WST is only related to the increasing trend of air temperature.