مقالات رزومه حسین زاهدی

The growth and development of crops are permanently affected by various environmental factors, and environmental stress is one of the most important factors that reduce the yield of crops in the world. Drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses in plants. Drought stress also aggravates the effect of other stresses or causes them to appear. Considering that Iran is one of the dry and semi-arid regions, water management in the agricultural sector is of particular importance. In this regard, the aim of this research was to investigate the effect of deficit irrigation and foliar application of amino acid on some morphological traits and grain yield of soybean.

The experiment was carried out in the two years of 2018 and 2019 in the farm of the Faculty of Agriculture of Tarbiat Modares University. This research was designed and implemented as a split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The experimental factors include three irrigation levels (full irrigation, moderate deficit irrigation and severe deficit irrigation), which were placed in the main plots, and foliar spraying of amino acids with five levels (leucine, valine, cysteine, commercial amino acids, without foliar spraying) as sub-plots were considered. The number of experimental plots was 54. In each repetition, three main plots were created at a distance of one meter from each other and 6 sub-plots were created inside each main plot. The distance between the plants on the cultivated rows was 8 cm. Some morphological traits and grain yield of soybean were measured.

Based on the results of the interaction of the year in the irrigation regime, the height of the plant decreased in each year with the decrease in irrigation, but this decrease was not significant in the first year. The results showed that by spraying the plants with amino acids, the height of the soybean plant increased significantly compared to the control, and among the amino acids, commercial amino acid (91.77 cm) and cysteine (91.06 cm) had the greatest effect on the height of the plant, although there was no significant difference with other amino acids. The highest leaf area was related to the plants sprayed by valin in the second year. The results showed that in each year, with the application of amino acids, the leaf area of the soybean plant increased significantly compared to the control. Valine amino acid with the greatest effect on leaf dry weight increased it by 29.57% compared to the control treatment. The results showed that foliar spraying of all four types of amino acids had a significant increasing effect on the dry weight of the stem compared to the control, and cysteine had a 34.6% increase in the dry weight of the stem compared to the control, although there was no significant difference with other amino acid treatments. The results showed that in both years, with the application of amino acids, the wet weight of pods increased compared to the control, and it was significant in the second year. The three interaction effects of the year in the irrigation regime in amino acids had a significant effect only on the characteristics of stem wet weight and pod dry weight.

The results indicated that foliar spraying of amino acids had a positive increasing effect on morphological traits. Valine and cysteine amino acids had the most significant positive effect on grain yield of soybean.

In order to study foliar application of amino acids on morphophysiological properties and thyme essential oil under different irrigation regimes, an experiment was conducted as a split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the Research Farm of Tarbiat Modares University Faculty of Agriculture in the year 2020 crop season. Experimental factors were irrigation regimes at three levels including normal irrigation, moderate water stress, severe water stress (withholding irrigation until  25%, 45% and 65% of soil available water depletion in the root zone respectively and then irrigation up to field capacity from plant establishment to harvest time), were randomized to the main plot units and spraying at 6 kinds (aspartic acid, tyrosine, proline, commercial amino acids, distilled water and without spraying) were located in subplot units. The results showed that with reduction of irrigation to the level of severe water stress, plant height, fresh and dry weight of leaves, leaf area, total chlorophyll, percentage of essential oil decreased, and glycol peroxidase and proline showed a significant increase compared to optimal irrigation. Catalase activity also increased under moderate water stress and decreased under severe water stress. Foliar application of amino acids had a positive additive effect on the studied traits. The highest essential oil yield (about 11.20 kg/ha) was assigned to plants under commercial and proline amino acid foliar application under full irrigation conditions. Based on the general results of proline foliar application, increasing the concentration of osmolites such as proline under water stress conditions was able to help the plant withstand drought stress by helping to maintain osmotic pressure and compensate for part of the reduction in growth and dry weight. Therefore, consumption of this type of amino acid under stress conditions is recommended to reduce the effects of drought stress. Under non-stress conditions, foliar application of this type of amino acid had the greatest effect on plant growth and yield.

In order to evaluate the effect of water deficit stress and foliar application of zinc oxide nano particles on morphophysiological characteristics in Withania coagulans L. landraces, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with 3 replications was setup. The experiment included various irrigation regimes (control), (medium stress), (severe stress), four landraces (Fanuj, Khash, Saravan and Sarbaz), with and without foliar application of zinc oxide nano particles. The experiment was conducted in green house of the faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, during 2018-2019. The highest leaf area (538.92 cm2) was related to Sarbaz in control irrigation and the lowest leaf area (245.88 cm2) was related to Khash in severe water deficit stress. Based on the comparison results, the mean of maximum plant dry weight (1.76 g) was related to Sarbaz and control irrigation and the lowest plant dry weight (0.63 g) was related to Fanuj and severe water deficit stress. Also, the highest amount of chlorophyll a (2.55 μmol.g-1) was related to Khash, control irrigation and foliar application of zinc oxide nano particles. The highest amount of chlorophyll b (1.26 μmol.g-1) was related to Fanuj, control irrigation and foliar application of zinc oxide nano particles, which was not significantly different from other landraces. Also, the lowest amount of chlorophyll b (0.62 μmol.g-1) was related to Khash, severe water deficit stress and without foliar application of zinc oxide nano particles. Sarbaz had the highest amount of anthocyanin (0.3 μmol.g-1) in the treatment of severe water deficit stress and lack of foliar application of zinc oxide nano particles, which was not significantly different from Saravan. Also, the lowest amount of anthocyanin (0.146 μmol.g-1) was related to Fanuj in the treatment of severe water deficit stress with foliar application of zinc oxide nano particles. Severe water deficit stress reduced the amount of traits tested. Also, the Sarbaz showed good tolerance to water deficit stress conditions compared to other landraces. The foliar application of zinc oxide nano particles also improved plant growth and increased some of the tested traits under stress conditions.

A split-split plot field experiment using the randomized complete block design with three replicates was carried out to investigate drought tolerance of wheat inoculated with mycorrhiza fungi and its interaction with copper nanoparticles. The factors included two irrigation levels (optimum irrigation and deficit irrigation), two levels of fungal symbiosis (with or without a symbiotic relationship), and three spray concentrations of copper oxide nanoparticles (50, 250, and 450 ppm).The results of ANOVA revealed that Analysis of variance showed that proline content and spike/m2 were significant in irrigation regime, mycorrhiza, foliar application, and all the interaction effects of double and triple factors.The effect of irrigation regime, mycorrhiza and foliar application of copper nano oxide was effective on grain yield, but the effects and interactions of irrigation regime×foliar application, mycorrhiza×foliar application and irrigation regime×mycorrhiza×foliar application have no significate effect on that characteristic;Comparison of mean traits showed that the maximum number of spikes/m2 in mycorrhizal fungi application with50ppm copper nano oxide foliar application in optimum irrigation was780numbers.The highest hectolitre weight of wheat was related to triple interactions,optimum irrigation with fungus and foliar application of450ppm copper nano oxide that was not statistically significant effect with triple interactions,optimum irrigation without fungus and foliar application of 250ppm copper nano oxide.Maximum proline content was obtained in non-mycorrhizal fungi treatment with50ppm foliar spray under deficit irrigation (23.8mg/g fresh weight) which was statistically significant at least at5%level with other treatments. The highest grain yield (309.61g/m2) belonged to optimum irrigation treatment and minimum grain yield was observed in severe deficit irrigation.

Sufficient soil fertilization is one of the main requirements for production of barley improvment. To study the effect of different organic fertilizers on yield and yield components of barley cv. Reyhan, an experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications with 16 fertilizer compounds. Barley morphological traits, yield and yield components were measured. Treatments were included wood vinegar, 5, 10, and 150/00 as soil application, azocompost, zeolite, wood vinegar, 5, 10, and 150/00 as foliar spraying, wood vinegar, 5 and 100/00 + azocompost, wood vinegar, 5 and 100/00 + zeolite, humic acid, wood vinegar, 5 and 100/00 + humic acid. Application of wood vinegar at 50/00 rate + zeolite significantly increased leaf area and plant dry weight. Also, using vinegar at 100/00 rate + zeolite significantly increased spike length and grain yield. Application of vinegar at the rate of 100/00 with zeolite is recommended in barley cultivation.

Barley is one of the most adapted cereals cultivated in favorable weather conditions, in fertile soils with high water retention potential, as well as in soils with acidic properties of between 7 and 8. This plant is more resistant to wheat than drought and therefore in a climate where water limits the production of cereals, barley can produce the highest yield, and in rainfed conditions, barley performance is higher than wheat and rye. The phenomenon of dryness in Iran is one of the most important factors limiting agricultural production. A large part of the cultivated land is located in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran. In these areas, yields are drastically reduced due to lack of water resources. The use of water stress strongly reduces the components of yield and biological functions and grain. The use of nanofertilizers leads to increased nutritional efficiency of nutrients, reducing soil toxicity, minimizing the negative effects of excessive use of fertilizer and reducing the frequency of application of fertilizers. Fertilizer particles can be scaled with membranes Nano-coating that facilitates the slow release of nutrients. Covering with nanoparticles, makes it possible to regulate the release of nutrients from the fertilizer capsule, which causes the fertilizers to release nutrients regularly and prevent their general fixation. To evaluate the effect of foliar application of iron and manganese in the form of nanoparticles on yield and yield components of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under drought stress at different growth stages in the plot field experiment with a randomized complete block design with water stress factor in barley varieties of basil in the main plot factor of iron and manganese fertilizers with manure micro nano iron and manganese (as usual) in the sub-plots and three replications 95-94 conducted in Tarbiat Modarres University. Foliar fertilization of iron and manganese nano-silicates (in the usual manner) with the application of manganese nitrogen fertilizer application of 11 levels, including concentration of one per thousand manure of iron nano-chelate, three per thousand manure of iron nano-chelate, one and a half per thousand nanoseconds Manganese chelate three per thousand manganese nanoclat manure, one per thousand manure of nano chelate of iron and one and a half per thousand of nano manure Manganese chelate, one in a thousand manure of nano-chelate of iron and three in a thousand manganese nano-manganese manure, one and a half per thousand manganese nano-manganese manure and three in a thousand manure of iron nano-chelate, three in a thousand manure of iron nano-chelate and three in a thousand manure nano Manganese clath, without spraying (control), pure water dispersion and recommended iron and manganese nano chelate fertilizer, as a substrate and And irrigation regimes at three levels: 1) No stress and irrigation time when the amount of water available for use in the plant was at 50% FC level; 2) Water deficit at irrigation and vegetative stage was performed when the amount of plant water available on the surface 30% FC of the field was in the vegetative stage, and 3) dehydration in the reproductive and irrigation stage was performed when the amount of plant water available at the level of 30% FC in the reproductive stage was the main factor. Findings:
The results showed that application of nano-iron and manganese levels in vegetative and reproductive stages, increased the yield, especially in the vegetative growth stage, while the control foliar application (without spraying) had the lowest yield. The interaction of nano-iron and manganese and different levels of water deficit stress was significant on all measured traits. The results showed that withholding irrigation at reproductive stage, reduced the yield and the use of nanoparticles cause to increase the yield and yield components. Therefore, the harmful effects of water deficit on plants can be reduced by foliar application of nano-iron and manganese micronutrients.

In order to investigate some qualitatives indices of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. var. Azargol) with zeolite application and different levels of irrigation، an experiment was carried out in Varamin، Iran، on 2012. Field experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with factorial split-plot arrangement each at three replications. Irrigation factor was chosen at three levels including: normal irrigation، drought stress at flowering stage and drought stress at seed filling stage in main plots. Zeolite was used at three levels، no application، 6 ton per hectare and 12 ton per hectare in sub plot. Germination percentage، germination rate، seedling dry weight، radicle، plumule dry weight and oil percentage were measured. The results showed that normal irrigation increased all of the traits and drought stress at flowering and seed filling stages decreased all of the traits. The highest values of the measured traits related to normal irrigation with 12 ton per hectare zeolite application and the differnence was not significant with 6 ton per hectare zeolite treatment.

In order to investigate the effect of zeolite on oil quality of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars in drought stress condition, an experiment was carried out in research farm of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute in 2009 in Karaj-Iran. The experiment was conducted as Randomized Complete Block Design with Factorial split-plot arrangement in three replications. Irrigation factor was chosen at two levels, included complete irrigation and irrigation holding at stem elongation stage. Zeolite was used at two levels, non application and 10 ton per hectare. These treatments were randomized in main plots while, three canola cultivar (Zarfam, Sarigol and Okapi) were randomized in sub plots. Palmitic, stearic and arachidic acids (saturated fatty acids) and palmitoleic, alaidic and linoleic acids (unsaturated fatty acids) were measured. Results showed that drought stress conditions decreased severely fatty acids, but application of zeolite in drought stress increased water holding capacity of soil, resulte in increasing of unsaturated fatty acids and oil quality in rapeseed. Based on the results of present study, due to increasing oil quality and decreasing plant water requirement, application of zeolite is economically recommendable.