a. rafiee

Daily use of toothpastes are one the most common routes of dental caries prevention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of four Iranian fluoridated toothpastes on remineralization of incipient caries lesions in primary teeth.

In this experimental study, a total of 60 sound primary anterior teeth were randomly divided into 6 groups of 10 teeth each: 1) Pooneh toothpaste, 2) Nasim toothpaste, 3) Crend toothpaste, 4) Irox toothpaste, 5) Oral B toothpaste, and 6) Negative control. Enamel microhardness (EMH) was measured in all samples at the baseline, after demineralization, and after 28-day remineralization. All data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test. All tests were performed at a 5% level of significance.

EMH values decreased significantly in all groups after demineralization. The mean microhardness values after demineralization were not significantly different in intervention groups (p= 0.45). The remineralization process significantly increased microhardness in all groups (p <0.04). The mean microhardness values in Oral B toothpaste group were significantly higher than Crend, Nasim and Irox toothpaste groups (p = 0.012, 0.018, and 0.009, respectively), but there was no significant difference between Oral B and Pooneh toothpaste group (p = 0.216). Crend, Nasim, Irox toothpastes did not show significantly different EMH values.

In this study, all fluoridated Iranian toothpastes increased microhardness of demineralized enamel surface. However, the efficacy of Oral B and Pooneh toothpastes for remineralizing of demineralized primary tooth enamel was greater than Crend, Nasim and Irox toothpastes.

Multi-label classification aims at assigning more than one label to each instance. Many real-world multi-label classification tasks are high dimensional, leading to reduced performance of traditional classifiers. Feature selection is a common approach to tackle this issue by choosing prominent features. Multi-label feature selection is an NP-hard approach, and so far, some swarm intelligence-based strategies and have been proposed to find a near optimal solution within a reasonable time. In this paper, a hybrid intelligence algorithm based on the binary algorithm of particle swarm optimization and a novel local search strategy has been proposed to select a set of prominent features. To this aim, features are divided into two categories based on the extension rate and the relationship between the output and the local search strategy to increase the convergence speed. The first group features have more similarity to class and less similarity to other features, and the second is redundant and less relevant features. Accordingly, a local operator is added to the particle swarm optimization algorithm to reduce redundant features and keep relevant ones among each solution. The aim of this operator leads to enhance the convergence speed of the proposed algorithm compared to other algorithms presented in this field. Evaluation of the proposed solution and the proposed statistical test shows that the proposed approach improves different classification criteria of multi-label classification and outperforms other methods in most cases. Also in cases where achieving higher accuracy is more important than time, it is more appropriate to use this method.

One of the most important challenges of the Friction Stir Spot Welding (FSSW) process is the appearance of a void in the welded parts. This causes the stress to be stacked against the created void, and as a result, the mechanical properties would be reduced. To solve this problem in this research, the aluminum and polyethylene sheets are joined by means of H13 steel tools, protruding fixtures, and also three types of nanoparticles. Appending three types of Nano-particles, namely Al2O3, TiO2, SiO2, the constituent materials of Al 5083 and high-density polyethylene sheets have been prepared. To improve the mechanical properties of the welded samples, these three types of Nano-materials are integrated to the Stir Zone (SZ). In order to find the maximum strength of welded composite plates, the Design of Experiment (DOE) is performed using the Taguchi method. The Rotation Speed, Dwell Time, Tool d/ Protrusion d besides the type and percentage of Nano-material are chosen as input parameters. The maximum fracture force and the maximum strength are respectively as 2249 N and 4.13 MPa. Without using nanoparticles, a rupture is occurred in the tensile tests of polyethylene samples. Thus, the polyethylene samples capture more sediment by addition of nanoparticles, and the nanoparticles’ deposition improves the mechanical properties of the Al/PE composite. Compared to the base material of pure aluminum and polyethylene, a nearly eightfold increment of the mechanical properties of the Al/PE composite sample is observed by addition of nanoparticles in the welding nugget. According to the S/N ratio analysis, the rotation speed of 2500 rpm, dwell time of 12 s, tool d/ protrusion d of 3 mm, Nano-material’s type of Sio2 and percentage of 10% are considered as the optimum states.

Premature loss of primary teeth affects child's nutrition, sleep, growth, and self-confidence. Besides, it can cause undesirable movement of the primary or permanent teeth.

This paper reports a 5.5-year old boy presenting with severe-early childhood caries, who had suffered from early extraction of some primary teeth as well as several other dental problems. After thorough clinical and radiographic evaluations, the treatment plan consisted of two phases. In the first phase, the focus of the treatment was on oral hygiene instruction, fluoride therapy, restorative procedures, pulp treatments, and extraction of non-restorable teeth. In the second phase, space management strategies were considered.

We designed a new modification of Groper's appliance to serve as space regainer and space maintainer, simultaneously. By replacing the extracted primary anterior teeth, both the parents and the patient were satisfied with the results.

The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the necessity of including the accounting ethics course in accounting curriculum. Although a part of ethical principles of accounting profession is included in auditing course, it seems, according to its importance, that this subject is very sensitive and needs more attention. Therefore it should be presented as a new course (3 credits) in accounting curriculum.

This research has been done in 2 steps. At first, the necessity of including accounting ethics course in the curriculum of BS of accounting in Iran was examined. Then, a survey was conducted to determine whether accounting ethics is included in the curriculum of 150 top-world universities or not. Finally, a sample course design was presented.

Our findings confirm the necessity of including the accounting ethics course in curriculum of BS courses in accounting.

Because of importance of public confidence for accounting profession, and based on the opinion of accounting experts and teachers, it is recommended that the accounting ethics course should be added to accounting curriculum in BS courses.