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The widespread availability of large language models (LLMs) has encouraged many individuals to explore chatbot development for their business needs. However, creating chatbots for handling sensitive information, like in healthcare, can be challenging. Mistakes made by these bots when extracting information or providing health recommendations can have serious consequences. When developing a chatbot for pharmacy recommendations, it is essential for the bot to effectively extract symptom-related information and other relevant patient data and then offer recommendations for actions or medications based on that information. In this study, we proposed a straightforward and effective approach that combines regular expression templates for information extraction with forward chaining for inference to create a pharmacy recommendation chatbot called SmartFarma. In scenarios like pharmacy recommendations, we will demonstrate that the use of regular expression templates is sufficient and produces better results than some machine learning methods. Additionally, by using regular expressions, SmartFarma can be developed with transparent data handling, allowing experts to trace, monitor, and evaluate its recommendations. This research primarily focuses on the extraction of patient information. Our model, as proposed, achieved an impressive score of 81.54%, outperforming both the Biomedical Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (GPT) models.

  Edible coatings containing natural antimicrobial compounds are appropriate approaches to control the microbial growth and thus improve the quality and shelf-life of fresh, frozen and processed fish products. The aim of this study was to assess effects of aloe vera gel coating containing nanoemulsion of ginger essential oil to extend the shelf life of trout fillets during 12 days of storage in refrigerator (4° C). 

To achieve the optimal nanoemulsion by ultrasonic method and solve Ostwald ripening phenomenon in nanoemulsions, lecithin was used in concentrations of 0, 0.5 and 1% (w/w) and Tween 80 in concentrations of 5 and 10% (w/w).

Analyses of particle size, zeta potential and polidispersity indices showed that the prepared nanoemulsions with 10% of Tween and 1% of lecithin included high stability scores and were assessed as the optimal nanoemulsion to extend the shelf life of trout fillets. The coatings containing essential oil nanoemulsion and pure essential oil significantly (p < 0.05) decreased total aerobic mesophilic count, psychrotrophic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and lactic acid bacteria compared to the control. Furthermore, spoilage changes were observed earlier in control and aloe vera coatings compared to other treatments. While the coating containing the essential oil nanoemulsion could significantly (p < 0.05) increase the trout fillet shelf-life by controlling microbial and chemical changes compared to other treatments. Furthermore, sensory evaluation showed that the overall acceptability for the nanoemulsion coating was satisfactory during the storage period under cold conditions.

Results of this study verified that ginger essential oil was appropriately encapsulated in the nanoemulsion and increased antimicrobial and antioxidant characteristics could extend the shelf life of fish fillets.

The present study considers community variability and structure at taxa-groups of macro-fauna. Sampling was carried out in three seasons at three zones in intertidal rocky shores of Bushehr, Persian Gulf. In this study, 1936 individuals belonging to 66 species were collected. These are classified into 12 groups. The mollusks were abundant in all three sites in winter and also low zone in all seasons. In contrast, Portunid crabs and Polychaets were the lowest abundant groups. All zones in three stations were occupied by mollusks and were dominated by Planaxis sulcatus and hence the community is named "P. sulcatus ". Due to habitat diversity, the most abundant decapod groups were xanthoid and porcelanid crabs.

Exhaust manifold with the cooling system is widely used in diesel engines which use turbocharger. The Appropriate solution to check how fluid passing through the manifold, is using the computational fluid dynamics laws. According to this, after 3D modeling of the manifold’s body and make the appropriate meshing, using multiphase flows laws and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute separation method for sub-cooled boiling at low pressure, the effects of fluid flow within the manifold have been simulated. In order to validate the method used for boiling, matching the results with the experimental results is performed. The information in this study includes the distribution of temperature, pressure, flow through the interior geometry and amount of vapor volume fraction that is created in the manifold. The results showed that in the inlet and outlet of manifold, there is a high temperature focus and consideration of boiling phenomenon instead of single-phase flow assumption, reduced the maximum temperature of these areas. The pressure which is applied to Manifold is caused by the combustion gases and the pressure of the cooling fluid is negligible in comparison with that. By analyzing the result, two critical areas of temperature focus were introduced and adaptation of cracks in the original sample with one of these areas, is indicating the accuracy and quality of the obtained results.

One of the most important issues in the world literature is to measure and assess the degree of competitiveness and monopoly in the markets and determine the structure of the international market. One of the main goals of countries in the world of trade has long been gaining a greater share of the international market. Iran is one of the largest pomegranate producers and exporters in the world. The present study evaluates Iran's pomegranate demand by using parametric models and panel data for countries exporting pomegranates from Iran during the period of 1993 to 2013. The results showed that the price elasticity of the pomegranate demand is -0.06. This means that as prices rise, there is no significant reduction in the demand of the importing countries, and it shows demand of Iran pomegranate in the global market is inelastic. These results are consistent with the calculation indices of the Herfindahl – Hirschman, share of two largest firms and eight largest firms in the pomegranate world market structure, which highlights the strong focus of the market for Iran and India. It seems that that the continuation of the current process may endanger Iran's market power and position. Finding new business models, marketing and participating in international exhibitions are some of the strategies to maintain and expand Iran's pomegranate demand in global markets.

Acute poisoning is a common medical emergency. This study was designed to investigate the pattern of drug utilization, poisoning agents, and outcome in patients with acute poisoning treated at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Vadodara, west of India.
This prospective cross sectional drug utilization study was carried out on patients with diagnosis of acute poisoning admitted to emergency department of Sir Shree Sayajirao General Hospital during October, 2013 to March, 2014.
During 6 months, 340 acute poisoning cases were enrolled, out of which 216 cases (63.5%) were men. Mean age of the patients was 31.9 ± 12.7 years. Commonest mode of poisoning was intentional (suicidal), which was observed in 62.1% of cases. Pesticides were the most common cause of poisoning (40%), followed by venomous animal exposures (25.9%). Fifty-six patients (16.5%) died. A significantly higher number of deaths was seen in intentional poisonings compared to accidental poisonings (24.2% vs. 3.9%; P Use of antimicrobial medicines for poisoned patients was too high and irrational. Due to high incidence of snakebites, hospital stockpiles should be regularly checked for availability of antivenom. Educational programs with emphasis on preventive measures for toxic exposures are necessary to create awareness among the general public.

Mercury is a toxic and bio-accumulative pollutant that has adverse effects on environmental and human health. There have been a number of attempts to regulate mercury emissions to the atmosphere. Silver nanoparticles are a number of materials that have highly potential to absorb mercury and formation of mercury amalgam. The aim of this study is removal of mercury vapors in the dental clinic using a n a ir cleaning system based on silver nanoparticles. In this study, silver nanoparticles coated on the bed of foam and chemical and structural properties were determined using a number of methods such as UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) connected the X-ray Emission Spectroscopy Energy (EDS). The a ir cleaning system efficiency to remove of the mercury vapor in simulated conditions in the laboratory and real conditions in the dental clinic were measured by Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (CVAAS). The images of SEM, showed that average size of silver nanoparticles in colloidal solution was ∼ 30 nm and distribution of silver nanoparticles coated on foam was good. EDS spectrum confirmed the presence of silver nanoparticles coated on foam. The significantly difference observed between the concentration of mercury vapor in the off state (9.43 ± 0.342 μg.m-3) and on state (0.51 ± 0.031μg.m-3) of the a ir cleaning system. The mercury vapor removal efficiency of the a ir cleaning system was calculated 95%. The air cleaning system based on foam coated by silver nanoparticles, undertaken to provide the advantages such as use facilitating, highly efficient operational capacity and cost effective, have highly sufficiency to remove mercury vapor from dental clinics.

Major part of health expenditure is paid directly by households in most of developing countries. This catastrophic expenditure is entailed on families. Assessing important determinants of Out Of Pocket Payment (OOP) is one of the key issues in health care finance. This study uses Iranian household income expenditure in 2005-2010 annually provided by statistical center of Iran using a two part model for assessing these factors. This was a cross-sectional analytical study in which sampling was based on a multi-stage method. The sample size changed from 26882 to 38260 households. The results showed that out of Pocket payments up to 74% increased during this period. High income households paid 2.5 times more than low income groups while probability of utilization for them was 17% more. Confidence of insurance indicates insurance systems succeeded in reducing only 15% of household insure expenditure whereas the probability of using health services increased only by 2%. Social demographic variables such as the number of the elderly, household size and urbanization increased OOP by 20%, 23% and 54%, respectively. During the study period, there was substantial inequality among different income groups. As if better off households had a higher chance of paying and using health care services. Moreover, the elderly, household dimension, urbanization and not having insurance coverage are the most important factors responsible for OOP. To reduce inequality, policy makers must provide the conditions to increase the role of social insurance in health finance and to make the services less expensive for the elderly..

ntroduction & Cardiac glycosids are the oldest drugs in congestive heart failure. Digoxin one of this class drugs has widespread use Today. Because the therapeutic index of this drug is small, the change in kintic of drug induce change in serum level of drug and can be dangerous. The aim of this study was evaluation of serum level of digoxin in hospitalized patients. This was a cross-sectional study and the samples were collected from cardiac patients that were hospitalized in cardiology and pulmonology wards in Ekbatan hospital during the study. Serum levels of digoxin were measured by HPLC. Patient?s demographics,clinical situation and serum electrolyte were recorded in a questionnaire.The data was analyzed by t-test, coefficient of correlation and P<0.05was considered significant. In this study the digoxin serum level in 76.9% of patients was in therapeutic level, 8.9% had insufficient level, 5.8% had intermediate level, and 8.4% had toxic level of digosin. The patients that had lower body mass index had greater serum level of digoxin. We can indicate in Ekbatan hospital, patients had a suitable coundition due to digoxin serum level.

Introduction & Methyl methacrylate (MMA), as a monomer of acrylic resin that has a wide variety of usages in denture fabrication, is considered as an air pollution indicator in the laboratories. Occupational exposure to these compound vapors can cause respiratory hypersensitivity, occupational asthma, eye and skin irritation and Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD). Therefore control of MMA exposure may promote the personnel’s health. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between spirometric disorders and methyl methacrylate in dental laboratories personnel.. In this case control study, exposure of time-weighted average (TWA) and short-term exposure level (STEL) were measured with MMA vapors in 39 randomly selected male employee (case group) in 25 denture fabrication laboratories in Hamadan city. The air samples were collected by sorbent tubes containing chromosorb (XAD2(and analyzed by gas chromatograph equipped with FID detector based on NIOSH method. In addition 30 men whitout occupational exposure to air pollutants (control group) were selected to compare the variation of spirometric parameters. Spirometric parameters of the case and control groups such as FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC and FEF25-75 were measured by Vitalograph spirometer (model: 2120) on ATS method, after the standard questionnaire of respiratory diseases had been completed during an interview and medical examination.. The mean of MMA concentration was 132.87 ± 220.67 ppm for STEL and 1.95 ± 3.59 ppm for TWA.The relationship between MMA concentration in the STEL and TWA exposures was significant (P<0.05) and the relationship between MMA concentration and ventilation was significant just for STEL. In this study no relationship between MMA concentration and spirometric parameters in both STEL and TWA exposures was found. Also there was no significant difference between spirometric parameters of the case group and normal values of the control group. Only two cases of obstructive lung function decrease (5.13%) one case of macula (2.56%) and five cases of xerodermatitis (12.8%) were observed among the dental laboratory personnel. The results showed that spirometeric tests are not enough to screen respiratory diseases in dental laboratory personnel as a measurement in prevention and health monitoring program. In order to control the exposures, specially in case of STEL, this study emphasizes, like the other studies, on biological monitoring, installing local ventilation systems in the laboratories and educating the personnel to correctly use suitable personal protective equipments

Background and Hospital wastes pose a serious public health problem. This is primarily caused by the way individual components of the waste is handled. One acceptable method for managing the medical waste is incineration but uncontrolled incinerators can cause emission of pollutants to atmosphere. The objective of this study was to evaluate pollutants emission from hospital waste incinerators in Hamadan. In this investigation, samples were collected from Emam, Syna, Fatemieh, Mobasher Kashani hospital incinerators to determine the level of lead, mercury, cadmium, benzene, toluene. Xylene, carbon monoxide, sulphour dioxide and particulate. Collected samples were analysed using gas chromatograph, atomic absorbtion, spectrometer and smoke meter in the laboratory or by SO2 and CO meter as a direct method in the field. Results show that Mobasher hospital has maximum concentration of metals fume such as lead, mercury, cadmium (1113, 540, 3340 mg/m3, respectively). Mean concentration of sulphour dioxide was 127 ppm and for suspended particulate concentration was 639 mg/m3. In Syna hospital, the concentration of aromatic hydrocarbons including benzene, toluene, xylene and carbon monoxide were maximum (77.46, 108.64, 33.6 mg/m3 and 1041 ppm respectively). It can be concluded that hospital atmospheric pollutants are higher than EPA standards, at least with P<0.05 which can be due to inopportune opening door of combustion chamber, input of excess air mass, low temperature, unmixed solid waste and unsuitable design of the incinerator, and leak or unsuitable pollution control device.