amirhooshang mirkooshesh

This article analyzes the impact of the different leadership styles of Trump and Harris on American public opinion, with a special focus on the speeches of Donald Trump and Kamala Harris between 2016 and 2024, concentrating on four key speeches from each of them. The main objective of this research is to examine how public communication is used to shape leadership roles and influence audiences. This study employs a qualitative content analysis method to evaluate the speeches of both politicians, as well as related statistical data to measure their effects. The findings indicate that Trump and Harris employ distinctly different public communication styles, leading to notable differences in how their messages are received and how audiences react. Trump utilizes a straightforward rhetorical style, relying on message repetition to evoke emotions and capture attention, while Harris adopts a more complex and emotionally charged approach, focusing on issues such as social justice and racial equality. These stylistic differences play a crucial role not only in the content of their messages, but also in the extent of their influence on various societal groups. Ultimately, the study concludes that public communication in political leadership serves as a powerful tool that can shape perspectives and garner public support. However, the effectiveness of this tool heavily depends on the leader's personality traits and communication strategies. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of public communication in the success of political leaders and its impact on voter behavior.

Soft power, which is a new kind of power that makes other states attractive and uses influential categories such as culture, values and foreign policy to create rapturous cooperation for governments without conflicts and hostile behaviors, has long been of interest to different countries around the world. Regarding the differences between the border rivers between Iran and Afghanistan that have faced threats and restrictions from the Afghan government to Iran's historical rights, and it is anticipated that based on the reliance on hard power, tensions between the two governments will escalate to the brink of war and conflict, it is possible that by using soft power, the Afghan government will be eager to recognize Iran's share of the Hirmand rivers. Harirud Culturally, it seems that the reliance and prominence of a common Persian culture includes Persian language and literature, a variety of arts, especially poetry and music, and relying on common values such as Islamic and ideological values, preserving the dignity of the neighbor, Xenophobia, especially anti-Americanism, and a non-profit, respectful and reliable foreign policy, can be the most attractive to the eastern neighbor. Also, in the case of economic assistance, the possibility of communication with international open waters and other affairs needed by the government and people of Afghanistan, through a peaceful and appropriate diplomacy, provided the water share and rights of the Iranian people in regard to the border waters.

New technologies can be a powerful driving force in the future developments of the world in order to make them smarter. Since artificial intelligence has affected social sciences and political sciences in general and international relations in particular, therefore in this article The place of artificial intelligence in the expansion of diplomatic relations and foreign policy is the statistical community of all the professors and specialists who had specialized doctorates and post-doctorates in the field of artificial intelligence and American studies. In this research, linear snowball sampling was done. In addition to referring to existing books and documents, the data collection tool was using a closed questionnaire on a Likert scale. This research, relying on a descriptive-analytical combined method, tries to answer the question what is the place of artificial intelligence in international relations (case study United States of America) in terms of foreign policy, economy, culture, and military? And how can this superior technology be used to strengthen the political foundations of the system and diplomatic relations?The findings of the research indicate that the large investment of the United States in the field of new technologies and artificial intelligence has led to the achievement of a competitive advantage in this field compared to other developed countries, followed by the improvement of the economic situation and development and research in this country. has been provided.This new technology will greatly help the superior power of the system in various political, economic and social fields in the region and the world.

In the current study, the place of artificial intelligence in foreign policy strategy, the amount of investment and use of artificial intelligence in the field of international relations and future wars of the United States of America were analyzed in the framework of game theory. The type of research is theoretical-applied. The statistical community of professors and experts who are active in the field of artificial intelligence and American studies with specialized doctorate and postdoctoral degrees; They were selected by snowball sampling. In addition to referring to existing books and documents, the tool for data collection was using a closed questionnaire on a Likert scale.The data was analyzed in spss software.The obtained results show that the United States, seeking to improve its economic situation, has considered one of the main goals of artificial intelligence development. On the other hand, the improvement of scientific and research capacities as well as the improvement and development of technical and data infrastructures have also been considered.Overall, all US strategies in artificial intelligence have seven themes:Financing of research and development, regulation and regulation and development of standards, culture building, training, consulting services, networking, support for cooperation and ecosystem and stimulation of market demand.

In all human behavioral spectrums, Politics is the most difficult behavior that can be automated. Politics is inherently complex, reflecting the complexity of human behavior both as an individual and in the social dimension. This complexity seems much more real at the level of international relations. Artificial intelligence is an influential and pervasive field that scope is not only related to technical and engineering issues, but also includes the fields of humanities, especially international peace and security. Using game theory as part of artificial intelligence in the field of political science and international relations is concentrated in common areas such as equitable distribution, political economy, public choice, war bargaining, positive policy theory, and public choice theory. In each of these areas, researchers have developed game theory models in which player models are often represented in the form of voters, governments, special interest groups, and politicians. Therefore, in this research the role of game theory in international relations will be investigated.

The aim of this study is to explore how non-state actors utilize soft power and influence in the international arena and to understand their motivations and strategies for cooperating with nation states. Additionally, it seeks to analyze the impact of this collaboration on global governance and diplomacy. The study adopts a qualitative research design and employs a conceptual framework that incorporates various theoretical perspectives such as cultural diplomacy, transnational advocacy networks, economic influence, digital communication, and non-governmental organizations. Data collection for this research involves a comprehensive review of relevant literature and case studies. The findings reveal that non-state actors employ diverse methods to exert their soft power and influence. Their motivations for cooperating with nation states encompass shared goals and interests, expertise and resources, soft power and public support and mobilization. Conflict between non-state actors and national governments arises due to disparate interests and objectives, challenges to state sovereignty, power asymmetry, competition for influence, disputes over resources and access, and disparities in power and influence. Nation states respond to non-state actors' soft power initiatives through cooperation, cultural exchange and some other policy and strategy. Cooperation between non-state actors and nation states contributes to the strengthening of global governance, and the introduction of new complexities into the international system. These findings deepen our understanding of the dynamics between non-state actors and nation states in the international arena and shed light on its implications for global governance and diplomacy.

Investigating the possibility of change in the structures of the international system by modifications in the Waltz model of the structure is the main goal of this research. The main question is how to make Waltz's model capable of explaining the structural change in the system. In order to answer this question, the concepts and variables affecting the international outcomes are identified by evaluation and doing a review of Waltz theory and the critics and commentators to offer the proposed plan of this research while being loyal to the Waltz model for a better understanding of the change of structures in the international system. Our results show the stillness of Waltz's model to changes in the structures of the international system, especially in the ordering principles and functional specification. Also, the results show that the Waltz model needs modification due to the lack of the structure of the process. We define a tolerance within two extremes for ordering principle in the first element of the political structure of the system and units, then we change the direction from the principle of difference and similarity to the principle of differentiation and separation in the second element of the political structure of the system and units and finally, we add a third structure called the structure of the process. The triple structure of the international system is presented as the solution of this research to explain the structural change and the emergence of alternative systems.

With the end of the Cold War and the bipolar system of international relations and consequently the establishment of international peace, the international system has undergone profound changes and has experienced new features and variables. According to this paper, the concept of international peace has been in a very critical and deplorable state since the 1990s, and the mechanisms for achieving peace, including the United Nations' preventive diplomacy as the sole institution for the realization of international peace was both ineffective and inefficient in preventing bloody conflicts and large-scale genocides in comparison with the Cold War era. This article seeks to answer the question that how is the performance of UN preventive diplomacy assessed in the post-Cold War era? In response to this question, it is hypothesized that the performance of UN preventive diplomacy in the post-Cold War era has not been successful due to its weakness and inefficiency in resolving armed conflicts in order to achieve international peace.

The issue of ethnicity and ethnic groups has become increasingly important in international politics and political sociology in recent decades. In this regard, national Integration as one of the main factors of stability of political and social systems and one of the main goals and areas of political socialization in all political systems play an essential role in the stability of governance and the survival of the people as well as development and The progress of nations in the space of their country and even beyond in the international environment. The purpose of this study is to investigate the challenges of achieving national Integration of ethnic groups in Iran. This study has been done in terms of applied purpose and descriptive and survey method. The statistical population of the study is 400 people of Turkmen ethnicity in Golestan province who were selected by Cochran's method using available random sampling. A Likert-based questionnaire was used to collect information. Structural equation modeling based on Smart-Pls software was used to analyze the research data. Findings showed that identity, livelihood and institutional challenges have a negative and significant effect on National Integration. Also, a positive and significant effect was found between identity challenges with livelihood challenges, and livelihood challenges with institutional challenges.

National integration is considered as one of the main factors for the stability of political and social systems and one of the main goals and areas of political socialization in all political systems.National integration plays a key role in stabilizing the sovereignty, sustainability of the people, as well as the development and advancement of nations in their home country and even beyond in the international environment. Therefore, the present study aimed to achieve a model for national ethnic integration in Iran, using a data base theory approach, to create a national convergence theory and model appropriate to the needs of the country. For this purpose, during the exploratory interviews with 14 scientific and executive experts of the country, the model of national integration in Iran was designed.The designed model consists of five main dimensions: "Causes of national ethnic integration", "national ethnic integration Formation", "national ethnic integration Strategies", "Interfering Factors in national ethnic integration" and "Consequences of national ethnic integration" which each one of them illustrates the dimensions, components and constituents of the national integration of the ethnic groups.

After the victory of Islamic revolution in Iran the relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia as two regional powers moved in a conflicting direction. There are several reasons for this trend. Reasons like Iran's competition with Saudi Arabia for leadership of Islamic world, leadership of Shiites versus leadership of Wahhabi and Saudi's cooperation with West versus Iran's anti-West stands but there has been change and fluctuation in these policies due to change of governments in Iran. The present paper wants to examine the relations between the two countries from a different perspective and distinct from the existing international relations theories and is called motivational realism. The paper examines the relations between Saudi Arabia and Iran from the time of coming into power of Ahmadinejad till now and studies the relations between the two countries in these two periods by a comparative method. The paper wants to know that despite considerable differences between the foreign policies of Ahmadinejad and Rouhani government what has been the Saudi Arabia's reaction to moderate foreign policy of Rouhani? What has been the impact of moderate foreign policy orientation of Rouhani on regional policies of Iran and Saudi Arabia?

In the conceptual framework of normative theories concept of international relations, one of the most important concerns in the international community is to achieve peace. Normative and critical theories and even some of the intellectual tendencies of liberalism and realism regarding peace and its development have always been important among scholars of International Relations. In this study by introducing neo-globalization, we give credibility that understanding the concept of peace can be specific approach and from Iranian point of view with ontological theory aspects. In neo-globalization we assume that the mere human centric attention to global environment can not reflect and create peace on a planet called Earth and in this sphere we should shift this human centric and focus on a wider globe, with all extent and range of organisms perhaps we can reach to a sustainable peace and not positive peace, the armed peace or similar such concepts ; as a result if we can institutionalize the importance of the Earth issue and keep its survivals among humans, then it will develop naturally the entire international community and international relations space among governments, institutions and international organizations too and so will create sustainable peace with new paradigms which is neo globalization in our Iranian theory approach. In this research we review and criticize concepts of peace in theories of international relations and its relationship with globalization, and then we shift to neo globalization at the same time. Our methodology is qualitative and with reliance to neo globalization concepts and in an ontological framework we scrutinize the ideas and signs of sustainable peace.

What is the relationship between the doctrine of Tony Blair and America''s invasion of Iraq? This paper tries to answer this question. So, it looks at the American invasion of Iraq and the British response, and argues that Brain always prevails over brawn. United States was and still is a hard power. Britain plays a soft power role in international relations. Britain usually uses the American strength and resources for the benefit of Britain. When the British describe their relations with the United States as “special,” they mean that they have the power to influence and direct US foreign policy. For an understanding of the international politics, we must concentrate on Anglo-Saxon «interdependency» through the «special relationship» which often exists between British Prime Ministers and US Presidents. Winston Churchill, British Prime Minister of the 1940s, Harold Macmillan in the 1960s, Margaret Thatcher in the 1980s and Tony Blair in the 2000s, all had special relationships with their US counterparts. While not always the case, the relationship between Tony Blair, British Prime Minster, and George Bush, American President, was beneficial to British interest and Blair''s doctrine of International Community declared in 1999. it is imperative not only to understand international politics, but also to react properly to international politics. As it has been proven in the Iraq case, Tony Blair manipulated US foreign policy during the George Bush presidency.

China's rise as a great geopolitics and regional Power of the World is challenged USA hegemony. An approach knows China's as a silent threat to the interests of the United States and East Asia and rival American power in the future and wants to prevent the growth of China and further restrictions on this country (emphasis on hard power). The second approach believes that by involving China in the global economy, society and various multilateral institutions can manage the country's rise to the status of a great power (soft power balance). Both countries have two systems of different political, cultural and racial composition. It is in a different stage of economic development and modernity is 6000 miles of each other. One on the peak of international hierarchy and the other is climbed toward it.History has shown that the great powers compete to hot or cold war ended and there is a lot of anticipation that the two countries are also in the path of this tragic step. These ideas point out to disputes of the two countries on Taiwan, human rights, trade, finance, regional security, arms control, and point out that both countries believe their military force ready for the confrontation against each other. Although it must be stressed that policy makers from both countries are aware of the German and British competition and historical background of the cold war between the Soviet Union and the United States. Clash of the two countries, according to the country's economic interdependence is very terrible for both. On the other hand the nuclear weapons deterrence decrease full-scale encounter between the two countries. However, the future relations of the two countries are on a range of cooperation and competition, and in the case of reaching China’s to the level of the political power of the American or even military will increase the clash as well. Due to the rise of China as a global power and the United States as a superpower now, what are the quality of future relations between China and the United States? Are relations between the two countries will shape mutual cooperation and convergence, stability and peace or with the deterioration of relations between the two countries will increase competition and perhaps even collide and the war? The authors by using of different approaches in the issue of future relations between the United States and China are trying to answer to the research questions posed, and reach to the hypothesis in the context. In this study we take into account with a pluralistic approach a qualitative research method. Qualitative research is benefiting from a combination of qualitative methods. Qualitative research methods require some kind of plurality method. Qualitative researcher are using in their work any materials or methods, experimental strategies available to work. Unlike common perception, qualitative methods are in no way meant the lack of use of quantities data, as has been used in this research too.

Pakistan is one of the countries which have many political and security concerns in home, region and even in international arena. This country is facing with ethnic and religious extremism. Pakistan at the regional level is facing with both Afghanistan and Kashmir crisis and is struggling against the pressures of international community for its nuclear weapons and it’s Islamism’ relationship with Al Qaeda. In this paper the problem of ethnic conflict as one of The Pakistan’s Baluchistan province has been studies. The main goal of this article is the roots of this conflict and its reflections. This dispute has been analyzed in geopolitical context. The findings of this paper are descriptive and analytical which shows the distribution of Baloch nationsalism and discrimination has led to separatist goals. These separatist trends have also negative consequences in the region including Iran.

Theorists of international relations have conceived "globalization" as international relations without paying attention to the fact that the globalized world is not simply about "human-to human" and “human-to-environment" relations. “Environment -to-environment" relations are also important. This problem arises when we see that researchers’ views on globalization depend on defective processes used for generalizing some concepts known as globalization. This article, while reviewing theories related to globalization and especially the views of international relations thinkers on it, studies self–made defects, shortages and reductionism to explore a new concept titled "neo- globalization".