ardeshirshayesteh

Tourism is an activity that has a high growth in recent decades all over the world, but at the same time, it is one of the main threats to the environment. In other words, tourism has both positive and negative effects. Therefore, Tourism development has many negative effects on the environment over time, if it is not based on environmental attitudes and development sustainability. So, many conflicts regarding environmental protection are the result of the tourism industry. The Qeshm Island is one of the most important economic tourism destinations in Hormozgan Province, which has the most tourist attractions. But one of the management issues raised in this island is why the efforts of individuals and organizations have not achieved significant success in reducing environmental pollution caused by the development of the tourism industry in Qeshm Island.

the present study seeks to study the most important factors influencing the trend of environmental pollution caused by tourism on Qeshm Island. For this purpose, the network analysis approach was used to analyze the influencing factors in the process of environmental pollution in Qeshm Island. Network analysis approach is a new approach in solving multi-dimensional and intertwined management problems, which helps to analyze problems by using questionnaire tools and Ucinet and Netdraw software. In other words, first by designing a questionnaire, the data needed for the research was collected and analyzed from 72 questionnaires. The questions of the questionnaire are: 1) How important are each of the following factors in the process of environmental pollution in Qeshm Island? And 2) determine the extent of the impact of the behavior and treatment of tourist citizens and the participation and cooperation of organizations and executive bodies active in tourism in reducing pollution and spreading environmental pollutants?

The results showed that out of 10 factors, two factors are the most important in the process of environmental pollution. 1) the executive bodies and organizations in the field of tourism with a centrality of 69 degrees and intermediate centrality of 305/882 and 2) the methods of preventing destruction, destruction and pollution of the environment with the centrality of 69 degrees and respectively the intermediate centrality of 304/536.

In fact, the result of this study reflects the fact that the tourism management and environmental management require the cooperation and coordination of many governmental and non-governmental organizations and actors. This means that the implementation of environmental programs is not possible without the development and improvement of the level of cooperation and participation between institutions. Also, wherever this cooperation takes place, there are significant effects on improving the environment.

Organizational cooperation is a concept that responds to the growing interdependence among individuals and organizations. This concept is regarded as a key factor in environment management and tourism development, which organizations, institutions and individuals create a structure by participating in a wide range of activities, and with the aim of maximizing co-creation value and achieving sustainable growth. The purpose of this research is investigation of cooperation network and determining the role and position of different individuals and organizations in environmental management and tourism development of Qeshm Island. To this end, the present study used network analysis, which is a new approach to solving multi-dimensional problems and management. Also, we analyzed Organizational interactions of individuals with using questionnaire tool and Ucinet and Netdraw software. The results showed that the most people connected with the organizations Qeshm free zone and Qeshm's Department of Environment, which have respectively 30 and 25 degree centrality and 582/897 and 566/541 betweenness centrality. Also, most people cooperate with the organizations Qeshm free zone and Qeshm's Department of Environment, which have respectively 35 and 34 degree centrality and 514/735 and 536/736 betweenness centrality. In other words, Qeshm Free Zone and Qeshm's Department of Environment are the only two organizations that people have most cooperative with them. Therefore, the cooperation network of individuals with other organizations related to environmental management and tourism needs attention and strengthening of cooperation.

The social and cultural effects of tourism show that tourism and traveling influencesthe value system, the behavioral patterns, the social structures, and the lifestyle of the host society and the tourist. As one cannot ignore other modern evolutions because of their negative effects, we should try to control their negative consequences through some preparations and to benefit from their positive effects. The same approach should be taken in case of tourism to identify its positive and negative effects. One of the most important social effects of ecotourism is its influence on the social relations and the relation patterns among people in the host society, which has unfortunately been ignored in the research on the social effects of ecotourism. Therefore, thepresent paper intends to investigate the effect of ecotourism on the social relations of ecotourism sector practitioners in Tabl village. Network analysis method was used to carry out the research and the required data were gathered through questionnaire. The networks were delineated and analyzed using Visone and Net Draw softwares and based on the cutpoints, the out degree centrality, and the centrality of the special vector. The results revealed that the practitioners of ecotourism sector in Tabl village, whoare in relation with the tourists andthere is a possibility for them to disconnect their relations with their community under the effect of other cultures, have conserved their relations with their community so that they trust their families in the highest order and their friends and the local trustworthy people were located in the next order. Although the ecotourism has no influence on the relations among relatives, the village network is not coherent and the relations among people are based on the tribalrelations. Therefore, employing people with the high centrality in the network will be helpful to increase trust and cooperation among them.

Regarding the importance of social impacts on tourism planning development and people’s social life, this research is to explore the impact of ecotourism on social relations and communication patterns of local habitant of Tabl village. Also the ecotourism tour guides who were in direct contact with the Eco-tourists were chosen as the target group. Data collection was done by the help of questionnaires and the result has been analyzed by using Network Analysis method, UCINET, Visone and Netdraw software, Betweenness Centrality, Eigenvector Centrality and Cut points. Analyzing the results of inter personal relationship network, revealed that familial ties was the main reason and afterward friends and trustworthy local individuals are other reasons of communication between people. The negative point about relationship network in Tabl village was that only one individual selected his colleagues as reliable person to consult with and the rest didn’t choose any of the colleagues. Finally, informing and educating the individuals who were selected as the cut points and have the higher centralities in the network were suggested in order to develop their relations and to change the existed network in to a united and integrated one.